How to assess intestinal viability during surgery: A review of techniques

Table 1 Intraoperative quantitative assessment of intestinal viability, overview of studies from 2000 to 2010

Author, year ofpublication	Type of study andnumber of patients	Type of surgery	Technique forassessment	Site of measurement	Measured units
Vignali et al, 2000[62]	Prospective observational study of 55 patients	Rectosigmoid resection for cancer	LDF	Serosa of rectal and sigmoid colon stump	Blood flow (perfusion units¹)
Seike et al, 2007[5]	Prospective observational study of 96 patients	Rectosigmoid resection for cancer	LDF	Serosa of sigmoid colon stump	Blood flow (ml/min/100g)
Nakatsuka, 2002[63]	Prospective observational study of 8 patients	Abdominal aorta operations	LDF	Serosa of the sigmoid colon	Blood flow (ml/min/100g)
Singh et al, 2009[64]	Pilot study of 7 patients	Left side colon resections for cancer and benign conditions	LDF and VLS	Serosa and mucosa at the anastomotic site	Flux units and StO2(%)
Lee et al, 2006[22]	Prospective observational study of 25 patients	Abdominal aorta operations	VLS	Rectal mucosa	StO2 (%)
Karliczek et al, 2009[1]	Prospective observational study of 77 patients	Rectosigmoid resection for cancer	VLS	Rectosigmoid serosa at the anastomotic site within 25 cm from the anal verge	StO2 (%)
Hirano et al, 2006[21]	Pilot study of 20 patients	Ileocecal, colon and rectal resections for cancer	NIRS	Serosa at the anastomotic site	StO2 (%)
Kudszus et al, 2010[2]	Retrospective matched-pairs analysis of 638 patients	Colon resections for colon cancer and benign conditions	LFA	Serosa at the anastomotic site	Perfusion index based on fluorescence
Kamiya et al, 2007[75]	Prospective observational study of 35 patients	Jejunal transfer for esophageal resections	Tonometry	Jejunal graft mucosa	Mucosal pH
Deeba et al, 2008[77]	Prospective observational study of 7 patients	Left colectomy	Rapid sampling microdialysis	Colon serosa	Glucose and lactate concentration, lactate/ glucose ratio