Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer: The state of the art

Table 1 Short-term outcome after laparoscopic total mesorectal excision in randomized controlled trials and comparative series

Author	Morbidity		Mortality		Wound infection rate (%)		Leak rate (%)
	Open	LPS	Open	LPS	Open	LPS	Open	LPS
Lujan et al[3] (TME)	33	33.7	2.9	1.9	1.9	0	12	6
Braga et al[5] (LAR/TME)	40	29	0	0	13	6	10.6	9.6
Ng et al[6] (APR)	52.1	45.1	0.2	0.2	8.3	0	NA	NA
Strohlein et al[28] (LAR/TME)	NA	NA	3.3	0	5.3	4.5	15.3	10
Gouvas et al[34] (LAR/TME)	36	63	1	0	31	9	10	16
Jayne et al[33] (TME/APR/LAR)	37	40	5	4	12	13	7	10
Laurent et al[10] (TME/APR)	37.7	32	0.8	2.6	NA	NA	12.9	11.8
Staudacher et al[8] (TME)	27.8	29.6	0	0	13.9	4.6	12.6	14.8
Rullier et al[46] (TME)	11.6	21.9	0	3.1	NA	NA	-	0
Zhou et al[2] (TME)	12.4	6.1	0	0	NA	NA	3.4	1.2

LPS: Laparoscopic surgery; TME: Total mesorectal excision; LAR: Low anterior resection; APR: Abdominoperineal resection.

Table 2 Local recurrences rates after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery

Author/year	Operation	No. of patients		Follow-up (mo)	Local recurrence rate (%)
		LPS	Open		LPS	Open
Hartley et al[11] (2001)	TME	21	22	38	5	4.5
Laurent et al[10] (2009)	LAR/TME	238	233	52	3.9	5.5
Bretagnol et al[13] (2005)	TME	50	-	18	0	NA
Fleshman et al[14] (1999)	APR	42	152	23.8	19	14
Araujo et al[4] (2003)	APR	13	13	47.2	0	15.4
Ng et al[6] (2008)	APR	51	48	87.2	5.9	4.2
Law et al[17] (2006)	LAR/TME	98	167	21	4.9	3.3
Staudacher et al[8] (2007)	TME	108	79	27.6	6.4	5.1
Leroy et al[12] (2004)	TME	102	-	36	6	NA
Milsom et al[9] (2009)	TME/LAR	103	-	42	5	NA
Jayne et al[33] (2005)	TME/APR	128	253	36.8	11.4	14.05

LPS: Laparoscopic surgery; TME: Total mesorectal excision; LAR: Low anterior resection; APR: Abdominoperineal resection.