Postoperative care for patients undergoing cholecystectomy: A comprehensive nursing review

Table 1 Nursing priorities by surgical modality

Priority	Laparoscopic	Open	Robotic
Analgesia	Shoulder-pain focus; TAP block	Epidural or IV PCA	Similar to laparoscopic
Respiratory	Incentive spirometer	Incentive spirometer + splinting	Incentive spirometer; rapid CO2 wash-out
VTE risk	Low-moderate	Higher; LMWH prophylaxis	Low
Drain care	Rare	Frequent	Rare
LOS	0-1 days	3-5 days	1-2 days

LOS: Length of stay; VTE: Venous thromboembolism; LMWH: Low-molecular-weight heparin; TAP: Transversus abdominis plane; PCA: Patient-controlled analgesia.