Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block with general anesthesia for perioperative circulatory stability in colorectal cancer surgery

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v17.i8.105990

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Aug 27, 2025 (publication date) through Aug 26, 2025

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Surg. Aug 27, 2025; 17(8): 105990
Published online Aug 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i8.105990

Table 1 Variations in cardiovascular function indicators, mean ± SD

Time point	Indicators	Experiment group (n = 58)	Control group (n = 58)	t value	P value
T0	MAP (mmHg)	95.30 ± 8.25	94.87 ± 7.96	0.286	0.776
T1	MAP (mmHg)	87.65 ± 7.12	82.34 ± 8.14	3.739	< 0.001^a
T2	MAP (mmHg)	85.20 ± 6.98	78.56 ± 7.45	4.953	< 0.001^a
T3	MAP (mmHg)	88.56 ± 7.32	80.43 ± 6.98	6.122	< 0.001^a
T4	MAP (mmHg)	93.76 ± 7.02	89.56 ± 7.88	3.031	0.003^a
T0	HR (time/minute)	70.12 ± 7.24	72.34 ± 6.98	-1.573	0.119
T1	HR (time/minute)	68.75 ± 6.45	75.98 ± 6.92	-5.821	< 0.001^a
T2	HR (time/minute)	66.78 ± 6.12	79.20 ± 7.02	-10.156	< 0.001^a
T3	HR (time/minute)	70.34 ± 6.88	76.78 ± 7.34	-4.875	< 0.001^a
T4	HR (time/minute)	71.45 ± 7.12	74.56 ± 7.78	-2.246	0.027^a

^aP < 0.05.

P indicating a statistically significant difference. MAP: Mean arterial pressure; HR: Heart rate.

Table 2 Variations in respiratory function indicators, mean ± SD

Time point	Indicators	Experiment group (n = 58)	Control group (n = 58)	t value	P value
T0	TV (mL)	500.25 ± 32.45	498.75 ± 30.62	0.256	0.798
T1	TV (mL)	480.50 ± 29.17	455.00 ± 30.75	4.582	< 0.001^a
T2	TV (mL)	470.30 ± 28.92	430.40 ± 31.55	7.100	< 0.001^a
T3	TV (mL)	485.75 ± 30.15	440.90 ± 29.80	8.057	< 0.001^a
T4	TV (mL)	495.40 ± 31.25	465.50 ± 30.10	5.248	< 0.001^a
T0	MV (L/minute)	6.25 ± 0.50	6.23 ± 0.48	0.220	0.826
T1	MV (L/minute)	5.90 ± 0.45	5.50 ± 0.55	4.287	< 0.001^a
T2	MV (L/minute)	5.80 ± 0.50	5.20 ± 0.60	5.851	< 0.001^a
T3	MV (L/minute)	6.00 ± 0.55	5.40 ± 0.65	5.367	< 0.001^a
T4	MV (L/minute)	6.15 ± 0.52	5.80 ± 0.58	3.422	0.001^a
T0	PaO₂ (mmHg)	95.20 ± 5.80	94.90 ± 5.55	0.285	0.776
T1	PaO₂ (mmHg)	90.15 ± 4.70	85.25 ± 5.20	5.324	< 0.001^a
T2	PaO₂ (mmHg)	88.00 ± 4.60	80.50 ± 5.10	8.317	< 0.001^a
T3	PaO₂ (mmHg)	90.00 ± 4.80	82.40 ± 4.85	8.482	< 0.001^a
T4	PaO₂ (mmHg)	93.50 ± 4.90	87.75 ± 5.00	6.255	< 0.001^a
T0	PaCO₂ (mmHg)	40.30 ± 2.80	40.20 ± 2.70	0.196	0.845
T1	PaCO₂ (mmHg)	41.20 ± 2.60	43.00 ± 3.10	-3.388	0.001^a
T2	PaCO₂ (mmHg)	41.50 ± 2.75	44.20 ± 3.00	-5.053	< 0.001^a
T3	PaCO₂ (mmHg)	40.80 ± 2.90	43.80 ± 3.15	-5.336	< 0.001^a
T4	PaCO₂ (mmHg)	39.90 ± 2.50	42.50 ± 2.85	-5.223	< 0.001^a

^aP < 0.05.

P indicating a statistically significant difference. TV: Tidal volume; MV: Minute ventilation volume; PaO₂: Partial pressure of oxygen; PaCO₂: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

Table 3 Variations in metabolic function indicators, mean ± SD

Time point	Indicators	Experiment group (n = 58)	Control group (n = 58)	t value	P value
T0	GLU (mg/dL)	90.50 ± 7.21	91.25 ± 6.88	-0.410	0.682
T1	GLU (mg/dL)	92.30 ± 6.98	98.75 ± 7.45	-3.752	< 0.001^a
T2	GLU (mg/dL)	95.10 ± 7.12	105.50 ± 8.03	-5.410	< 0.001^a
T3	GLU (mg/dL)	94.00 ± 6.45	102.75 ± 7.33	-4.131	< 0.001^a
T4	GLU (mg/dL)	89.60 ± 7.00	95.50 ± 6.95	-3.211	0.002^a
T0	LAC (mmol/L)	1.20 ± 0.10	1.25 ± 0.12	-1.025	0.308
T1	LAC (mmol/L)	1.25 ± 0.11	1.40 ± 0.15	-3.672	< 0.001^a
T2	LAC (mmol/L)	1.30 ± 0.12	1.55 ± 0.14	-4.721	< 0.001^a
T3	LAC (mmol/L)	1.22 ± 0.09	1.48 ± 0.13	-5.175	< 0.001^a
T4	LAC (mmol/L)	1.18 ± 0.10	1.35 ± 0.12	-3.932	< 0.001^a

^aP < 0.05.

P indicating a statistically significant difference. GLU: Glucose; LAC: Lactic acid.

Table 4 Variations in renal function indicators, mean ± SD

Time point	Group	CRE (μmol/L)	P value	BUN (mmol/L)	P value	UA (μmol/L)	P value
Before surgery	Experiment group (n = 58)	74.50 ± 11.32	0.746	5.22 ± 1.03	0.61	312.40 ± 45.21	0.765
Before surgery	Control group (n = 58)	75.11 ± 10.87	0.746	5.31 ± 1.14	0.61	311.20 ± 42.54	0.765
1 day after surgery	Experiment group (n = 58)	85.32 ± 12.40	0.051	6.80 ± 1.22	0.14	327.50 ± 50.32	0.135
1 day after surgery	Control group (n = 58)	79.90 ± 13.14	0.051	6.32 ± 1.31		315.42 ± 48.22	0.135
3 days after surgery	Experiment group (n = 58)	91.55 ± 10.67	0.004	7.15 ± 1.52	0.034	340.45 ± 47.65	0.015
3 days after surgery	Control group (n = 58)	82.44 ± 11.23	0.004	6.55 ± 1.44		320.10 ± 44.32	0.015
7 days after surgery	Experiment group (n = 58)	78.42 ± 9.80	0.101	5.88 ± 1.10	0.073	312.87 ± 42.13	0.233
7 days after surgery	Control group (n = 58)	75.88 ± 10.01	0.101	5.56 ± 1.24		305.34 ± 40.54	0.233

CRE: Creatinine; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; UA: Uric acid.

Table 5 Results of repeated measures analysis of variance of renal function indicators

Indicators	Group main effect (F value)	Group main effect (P value)	Time main effect (F value)	Time main effect (P value)	Interaction (F value)	Interaction (P value)
CRE	6.237	0.014^a	11.413	0.002^a	4.552	0.017^a
BUN	4.122	0.045^a	9.332	0.004^a	3.764	0.023^a
UA	5.324	0.022^a	10.234	0.003^a	4.132	0.019^a

^aP < 0.05.

P indicating a statistically significant difference. CRE: Creatinine; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; UA: Uric acid.

Table 6 Detection results of stress response indicators, mean ± SD

Time point	Group	Cortisol (ng/mL)	P value	NE (pg/mL)	P value	IL-6 (pg/mL)	P value
Before surgery	Experiment group (n = 58)	120.23 ± 15.45	0.585	460.11 ± 48.12	0.611	22.45 ± 3.98	0.709
Before surgery	Control group (n = 58)	118.77 ± 16.12	0.585	455.32 ± 50.45		21.99 ± 4.32	0.709
After anesthesia	Experiment group (n = 58)	155.42 ± 18.34	0.071	505.65 ± 53.12	0.103	32.22 ± 4.54	0.049^a
After anesthesia	Control group (n = 58)	142.10 ± 17.45	0.071	475.44 ± 51.10		29.65 ± 5.22	0.049^a
1 day after surgery	Experiment group (n = 58)	180.42 ± 20.34	0.026^a	530.65 ± 55.32	0.065	38.55 ± 5.41	0.008^a
1 day after surgery	Control group (n = 58)	160.22 ± 18.44	0.026^a	495.10 ± 52.11		34.23 ± 5.32	0.008^a
3 days after surgery	Experiment group (n = 58)	145.56 ± 17.88	0.054	495.43 ± 52.65	0.09	28.34 ± 4.12	0.037^a
3 days after surgery	Control group (n = 58)	135.44 ± 16.92	0.054	475.32 ± 50.87		26.12 ± 4.45	0.037^a
7 days after surgery	Experiment group (n = 58)	125.23 ± 15.24	0.401	465.23 ± 48.32	0.536	23.45 ± 3.88	0.358
7 days after surgery	Control group (n = 58)	120.12 ± 14.78	0.401	460.12 ± 47.89		22.78 ± 4.01	0.358

^aP < 0.05.

P indicating a statistically significant difference. NE: Norepinephrine; IL-6: Interleukin-6.

Table 7 Results of repeated measures analysis of variance of stress response indicators

Indicators	Group main effect (F value)	Group main effect (P value)	Time main effect (F value)	Time main effect (P value)	Interaction (F value)	Interaction (P value)
Cortisol (ng/mL)	4.212	0.043	8.675	0.002	3.987	0.018
NE (pg/mL)	3.123	0.082	7.432	0.004	2.876	0.029
IL-6 (pg/mL)	5.478	0.028	10.543	0.001	4.765	0.014

NE: Norepinephrine; IL-6: Interleukin-6.

Table 8 Changes in postoperative pain and recovery indicators, mean ± SD

Time point	Group	VAS (score)	t value	P value	First time out of bed (hour)	t value	P value	First exhaust time (hour)	t value	P value	Inpatient days (day)	t value	P value
T1	Experiment group (n = 58)	5.88 ± 0.95	2.341	0.021^a
T1	Control group (n = 58)	6.45 ± 0.88	2.341	0.021^a
T2	Experiment group (n = 58)	4.32 ± 0.78	2.557	0.012^a	19.65 ± 2.35	1.871	0.064
T2	Control group (n = 58)	4.88 ± 0.81	2.557	0.012^a	21.12 ± 2.44	1.871	0.064
T3	Experiment group (n = 58)	2.95 ± 0.56	2.912	0.005^a				29.32 ± 3.12	2.145	0.035^a
T3	Control group (n = 58)	3.45 ± 0.62	2.912	0.005^a				31.65 ± 3.21	2.145	0.035^a
T4	Experiment group (n = 58)	1.88 ± 0.44	3.231	0.002^a							7.65 ± 1.22	2.901	0.006^a
T4	Control group (n = 58)	2.45 ± 0.55									8.45 ± 1.35

^aP < 0.05.

P indicating a statistically significant difference. VAS: Visual analogue scale.

Citation: Li HJ, Ban X, Li J, Huang SQ. Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block with general anesthesia for perioperative circulatory stability in colorectal cancer surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(8): 105990
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v17/i8/105990.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v17.i8.105990