Prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease 5 years after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A retrospective study

Table 1 Participant’s characteristics, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristics
Age, years	44.09 ± 10.95
Age, years, median (IQR: 25-75)	42.00 (37.00, 50.50)
Sex
Female	70 (61)
Male	44 (39)
Hypertension	35 (31)
Diabetes mellitus	30 (26)
Respiratory disorder	14 (12)
Thyroid disorder	18 (16)
Smoking
Current	18 (16)
Ex-smoker	8 (7)
Never smoked	88 (77)
BMI, kg/m²	46.60 ± 8.00
BMI, kg/m², median (IQR: 25-75)	46.00 (42.0, 51.00)

BMI: Body mass index IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 2 Factors associated with Barrett’s esophagus on univariate analysis, n (%)

Characteristics		No BE (n = 111)	BE (n = 3)	n	P value
Age, median (IQR: 25-75)		42.00 (37.00, 50.00)	55.00 (54.50, 57.50)	114	0.037
Sex	Female	68 (61)	2 (67)	70	1
	Male	43 (39)	1 (33)	44
Hypertension	Absent	77 (69)	2 (67)	79	1
	Present	34 (31)	1 (33)	35
Diabetes mellitus	Absent	82 (74)	2 (67)	84	1
	Present	29 (26)	1 (33)	30
Thyroid diseases	Absent	93 (84)	3 (100)	96	1
	Present	18 (16)	0 (0)	18
Respiratory disorder	Absent	97 (87)	3 (100)	100	1
	Present	14 (13)	0 (0)	14
Smoking	No	93 (84)	3 (100)	96	1
	Yes	18 (16)	0 (0)	18
BMI, pre LSG, median (IQR: 25-75)		46.01 (42.02, 51.01)	47.03 (43.30, 48.52)	114	0.83
BMI, post-LSG, median (IQR: 25-75)		27.61 (23.02, 30.32)	28.01 (25.42, 29.83)	114	0.9
GERD symptoms post-LSG	Absent	40 (36)	1 (33)	41	1
	Present	71 (64)	2 (67)	73
GERD symptoms pre-LSG	Absent	93 (84)	3 (100)	96	1
	Present	18 (16)	0 (0)	18
Hiatus hernia post-LSG	Absent	94 (85)	2 (67)	96	0.41
	Present	17 (15)	1 (33)	18
Endoscopic esophagitis post-LSG	Absent	78 (70)	3 (100)	81	0.56
	Present	33 (30)	0 (0)	33

BMI: Body mass index; BE: Barrett’s esophagus; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; IQR: Interquartile range; LSG: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Table 3 Factors associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease 5 years post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on univariate analysis, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristics		GERD symptoms 5 years post-LSG No (n = 41)	GERD symptoms 5 years post-LSG yes (n = 73)	n	P value
Age		44.41 ± 9.18	43.94 ± 12.0	114	0.81
Sex	Female	22 (54)	48 (66)	70	0.2
	Male	19 (46)	25 (34)	44
Diabetes mellitus	No	28 (68)	56 (77)	84	0.33
	Yes	13 (32)	17 (23)	30
Hypertension	No	33 (80)	46 (63)	79	0.052
	Yes	8 (20)	27 (37)	35
Thyroid diseases	No	34 (83)	62 (85)	96	0.78
	Yes	7 (17)	11 (15)	18
Respiratory disorder	No	36 (88)	64 (88)	100	0.98
	Yes	5 (12)	9 (12)	14
Smoking	No	37 (90)	59 (81)	96	0.19
	Yes	4 (9.8)	14 (19)	18
BMI pre LSG		47.21 ± 6.08	46.80 ± 7.68	114	0.73
GERD symptoms present	No	35 (85)	61 (84)	96	0.8
	Yes	6 (15)	12 (16)	18
Endoscopic esophagitis pre LSG	No	11 (85)	14 (78)	25	1
	Yes	2 (15)	4 (22)	6
Hiatus hernia pre-LSG	No	11 (85)	17 (94)	28	0.56
	Yes	2 (15)	1 (5.6)	3
BMI post-LSG		27.22 ± 4.55	27.61 ± 6.35	114	0.67
BMI post-LSG		27.23 ± 4.55	27.64 ± 6.35	114	0.67

BMI: Body mass index; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; LSG: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Table 4 Factors associated with endoscopic esophagitis 5 years post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on univariate analysis, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristics		Endoscopic esophagitis postop 5 years no (n = 81)	Endoscopic esophagitis postop 5 years yes (n = 33)	n	P value
Age		44.30 ± 11.41	43.62 ± 10.12	114	0.76
Sex	Female	53 (65)	17 (52)	70	0.17
	Male	28 (35)	16 (48)	44
Diabetes mellitus	No	60 (74)	24 (73)	84	0.88
	Yes	21 (26)	9 (27)	30
Hypertension	No	55 (68)	24 (73)	79	0.61
	Yes	26 (32)	9 (27)	35
Thyroid diseases	No	66 (81)	30 (91)	96	0.21
	Yes	15 (19)	3 (9.1)	18
Respiratory disorder	No	69 (85)	31 (94)	100	0.34
	Yes	12 (15)	2 (6.1)	14
Smoking	No	68 (84)	28 (85)	96	0.91
	Yes	13 (16)	5 (15)	18
BMI postop		27.31 ± 6.03	27.72 ± 5.08	114	0.74
BMI pre-LSG		47.73 ± 7.66	45.12 ± 5.23	114	0.042
GERD symptoms present pre-LSG	No	69 (85)	27 (82)	96	0.65
	Yes	12 (15)	6 (18)	18
Endoscopic esophagitis pre-LSG	No	17 (81)	8 (80)	25	1
	Yes	4 (19)	2 (20)	6
Hiatus hernia preop	No	18 (86)	10 (100)	28	0.53
	Yes	3 (14)	0 (0)	3
BMI post-LSG		27.33 ± 6.03	27.71 ± 5.08	114	0.74

BMI: Body mass index; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; LSG: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Table 5 Logistic regression for gastroesophageal reflux disease 5 years post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Variable	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
Age	0.62	0.99	(0.94-1.03)
Sex	0.23	0.56	(0.22-1.43)
BMI pre-LSG	0.44	0.97	(0.91-1.04)
BMI post-LSG	0.95	1.00	(0.91-1.08)
Hypertension	0.01	5.09	(1.41-18.39)
Diabetes mellitus	0.05	0.30	(0.086-1.02)
Respiratory disorder	0.99	0.99	(0.25-3.90)
Thyroid disorder	0.44	0.62	(0.19-2.05)
Smoking	0.12	2.94	(0.76-11.38)
GERD symptoms pre-LSG	0.62	0.74	(0.22-2.43)

BMI: Body mass index; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; LSG: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Table 6 Logistic regression for endoscopic esophagitis 5 years post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Variable	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
Age	0.73	1.01	(0.96-1.06)
Sex	0.38	1.53	(0.59-4.00)
BMI pre-LSG	0.10	0.94	(0.88-1.01)
BMI post-LSG	0.31	1.04	(0.96-1.13)
Hypertension	0.70	0.80	(0.26-2.51)
Diabetes mellitus	0.82	1.15	(0.35-3.80)
Respiratory disorder	0.33	0.44	(0.08-2.31)
Thyroid disorder	0.37	0.53	(0.13-2.15)
Smoking	0.68	0.76	(0.22-2.71)
GERD symptoms pre-LSG	0.35	1.78	(0.54-5.91)

BMI: Body mass index; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; LSG: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Table 7 Logistic regression for Barrett’s esophagus 5 years post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Variable	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
Age	0.11	1.20	(0.96-1.50)
Sex	0.89	0.82	(0.04-16.70)
BMI pre-LSG	0.91	0.99	(0.81-1.21)
BMI post-LSG	0.88	1.03	(0.70-1.52)
Hypertension	0.86	0.72	(0.01-30.33)
Diabetes mellitus	0.47	3.93	(0.10-157.56)
Respiratory disorder	1.00	0.00	(0.00-0.00)
Thyroid disorder	1.00	0.00	(0.00-0.00)
Smoking	1.00	0.00	(0.00-0.00)
GERD symptoms pre-LSG	1.00	0.00	(0.00-0.00)

BMI: Body mass index; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; LSG: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.