Nursing care for patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing surgery for esophageal variceal bleeding in an integrated healthcare system

Table 1 Postoperative recovery in both groups

Groups	Cases	Time to symptom improvement (day)	Eating time (day)	Bowel sound recovery time (day)	Anal exhaust time (day)	Length of stay (day)
Control	90	2.85 ± 0.80	4.25 ± 0.70	2.30 ± 0.30	2.80 ± 0.40	9.50 ± 1.25
Observation	90	1.80 ± 0.35	2.70 ± 0.65	1.40 ± 0.25	1.45 ± 0.25	6.00 ± 1.05
t		11.408	15.393	21.864	27.151	20.340
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Table 2 Psychological stress responses in both groups

Groups	Cases	SAS (scores)		SDS (scores)
		Before	After	Before	After
Control	90	56.65 ± 4.35	49.85 ± 3.20	59.55 ± 5.10	52.00 ± 3.60
Observation	90	57.00 ± 4.60	45.60 ± 3.35	60.20 ± 5.25	48.50 ± 2.90
t		0.524	8.703	0.842	7.183
P value		0.601	< 0.001	0.401	< 0.001

SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: Self-rating depression scale.

Table 3 Subjective well-being in both groups

Groups	Cases	Objective support		Subjective support		Self-evaluation		Subjective happiness index		Total scores
		Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Control	90	3.10 ± 1.05	4.55 ± 1.20	3.25 ± 1.05	4.45 ± 1.30	3.95 ± 1.00	5.35 ± 1.00	7.20 ± 1.50	9.50 ± 1.05	17.50 ± 4.30	23.80 ± 5.00
Observation	90	3.25 ± 1.10	6.60 ± 1.25	3.30 ± 1.00	6.15 ± 1.20	3.98 ± 1.05	6.00 ± 1.10	7.00 ± 1.40	10.35 ± 1.10	16.95 ± 4.35	29.10 ± 4.50
t		0.936	11.224	0.327	9.116	0.196	4.148	0.925	5.303	0.853	7.475
P value		0.351	< 0.001	0.744	< 0.001	0.845	< 0.001	0.356	< 0.001	0.395	< 0.001

Table 4 Incidence of complications in both groups, n (%)

Groups	Cases	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding	Electrolyte disturbance	Hepatic encephalopathy	Total incidence
Control	90	9 (10.00)	6 (6.67)	5 (5.56)	20 (22.22)
Observation	90	2 (2.22)	1 (1.11)	1 (1.11)	4 (4.44)
χ2					12.307
P value					< 0.001