Clinical application of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploration and J-Tube drainage

Table 1 Baseline data of the four patient groups, n (%)

	ICG + T-tube	ICG + J-tube	WL + J-tube	WL + T-tube
Age (year)	65 (56.5, 73.25)	65 (55, 76)	68 (55, 75)	65 (58, 75)
Gender
Male	24 (57.1)	23 (63.9)	29 (61.7)	37 (50)
Female	18 (42.9)	13 (36.1)	18 (38.3)	37 (50)
CBD diameter (mm)	1.15 (0.9, 1.325)	1.2 (1, 1.3)	1.1 (0.9, 1.2)	1.1 (0.9, 1.2)
Number of stones
1-2	22 (52.3)	30 (83.3)	27 (56.2)	46 (61.3)
3-5	9 (21.4)	4 (11.1)	4 (8.3)	15 (20)
> 5	11 (26.2)	2 (5.5)	16 (33.3)	13 (17.3)
fever	8 (19)	5 (13.9)	6 (12.8)	15 (20.3)
Jaundice	7 (16.7)	5 (13.9)	9 (19.1)	12 (16.2)
Fatigue	8 (19)	5 (13.9)	8 (17)	15 (20.3)
Nausea and vomiting	6 (14.3)	1 (2.8)	5 (10.6)	8 (10.8)
Abdominal pain	35 (83.3)	28 (77.8)	44 (93.6)	60 (81.1)
Postoperative complications	3 (7.1)	1 (2.8)	2 (4.2)	7 (9.4)

CBD: Common bile duct; ICG: Indocyanine green; WL: White-light laparoscopy.

Table 2 Postoperative and prognostic indicators in T-tube vs J-tube patient groups

	T-tube	J-tube	P value
Preoperative indicators, CRP (mg/L)	25.45 (9.05, 57.33)	19.40 (6.96, 44.41)	0.246
GGT (U/L)	563.00 (184.00, 1062.00)	342.00 (123.00, 658.00)	0.004
TBIL (μmol/L)	30.2500 (19.50, 42.85)	29.75 (19.00, 45.20)	0.958
DBIL (μmol/L)	14.2000 (9.85, 21.15)	13.00 (7.60, 22.60)	0.509
AST (U/L)	126.00 (75.50, 218.50)	98.00 (65.00, 155.00)	0.074
ALT (U/L)	135.50 (83.50, 196.00)	97.50 (51.00, 199.00)	0.082
WBC (109/L)	10.99 (9.27, 12.39)	10.76 (8.15, 12.62)	0.463
NE (%)	79.75 (71.85, 87.45)	79.05 (71.60, 87.00)	0.776
Postoperative indicators
TBIL (μmol/L)	22.55 (16.55, 34.75)	14.30 (11.20, 20.00)	< 0.001
DBIL (μmol/L)	14.00 (10.05, 22.15)	7.34 (4.90, 14.20)	< 0.001
AST (U/L)	68.50 (41.00, 81.00)	40.50 (29.00, 68.000)	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	68.50 (38.50, 81.50)	34.50 (23.00, 51.00)	< 0.001
WBC (109/L)	8.99 (7.39, 10.63)	8.86 (7.06, 10.31)	0.329
NE (%)	76.15 (62.30, 90.45)	74.05 (64.82, 83.00)	0.308
Biliary diameter discrepancy one month, (mm)	0.30 (0.20, 0.30)	0.30 (0.20, 0.40)	0.295
Three months	0.50 (0.40, 0.70)	0.40 (0.30, 0.60)	0.0002
Recurrence one month, n (%)	2 (1.6)	1 (1.3)	0.874
Three months, n (%)	6 (4.7)	3 (3.9)	0.068

CRP: C-reactive protein; GGT: Gamma-Glutamyl transferase; TBIL: Total Bilirubin; DBIL: Direct Bilirubin; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Glutamic pyruvic transaminase; WBC: White blood cell count; NE: Neutrophilic granulocyte.