Evaluating risk factors for surgical site infections and the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Table 1 Univariate analysis of factors associated with surgical site infections in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Factors	Infected (n = 36)	Non-infected (n = 364)	χ²	P value
Prophylactic antibiotics use, n (%)	13 (36.1)	326 (89.6)	68.34	< 0.01
Intraoperative blood loss (≥ 100 mL), n (%)	14 (38.9)	146 (40.1)	0	1
Age (≥ 60 years), n (%)	20 (55.6)	101 (27.7)	10.72	< 0.01
Hospital stay (> 5 days), n (%)	11 (30.6)	98 (26.9)	0.07	0.79
Body mass index (≥ 25 kg/m²), n (%)	15 (41.7)	168 (46.2)	0.12	0.73
Operation time (≥ 1 hours), n (%)	12 (33.3)	118 (32.4)	0	1
Anemia, n (%)	10 (27.8)	58 (15.9)	2.47	0.12
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	15 (41.7)	69 (19.0)	8.86	< 0.01
Insufficient cystic duct stump, n (%)	16 (44.4)	36 (9.90)	31.6	< 0.01
Gallbladder perforation, n (%)	17 (47.2)	53 (14.6)	22	< 0.01
Gallbladder empyema, n (%)	19 (52.8)	61 (16.8)	24.36	< 0.01
Postoperative hematoma, n (%)	13 (36.1)	28 (7.7)	25.75	< 0.01

Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with surgical site infections in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Factors	β	Standard error	Wald	OR	95%CI for OR	P value
Prophylactic use of antibiotics	-0.365	1.504	4.17	0.694	0.650-0.740	0.008
Age (≥ 60 years)	0.328	1.275	3.89	3.702	1.311-4.545	0.044
Diabetes mellitus	0.237	1.095	2.798	2.599	1.110-3.950	0.018
Insufficient cystic duct stump	0.361	1.392	4.053	3.865	1.345-4.900	0.026
Gallbladder perforation	0.280	1.015	3.457	3.150	1.125-4.295	0.043
Gallbladder empyema	0.291	1.288	3.270	3.055	1.118-4.135	0.011
Postoperative hematoma	0.235	1.215	2.735	2.575	1.030-3.750	0.029

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.