Evaluation and analysis of neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with colorectal cancer after radical resection: A retrospective study

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data between the delayed postoperative neurocognitive recovery group and non- delayed postoperative neurocognitive recovery group, n (%)

Variable	DNR group (n = 35)	Non DNR group (n = 192)	χ2/Z	P value
General information
Age [years, M (IQR)]	69 (63-72)	63 (57-68)	-3.077	0.002
Sex
Male	27 (77.1)	120 (62.5)	2.781	0.095
Female	8 (22.9)	72 (37.5)
BMI (kg/m², mean ± SD)	22.65 ± 2.30	22.68 ± 2.98	4.191	0.042
Years of education [year, M (IQR)]	7 (6-9)	9 (6-12)	-2.308	0.021
Preoperative medical history data
Hb [g/L, M (IQR)]	128 (115-136)	128 (112-139)	-0.322	-0.322
MMSE score, M (IQR)	28 (26-29)	29 (27-30)	-1.23	-1.23
Diabetes
No	26 (74.3)	169 (88.0)	4.612	0.612
Yes	9 (25.7.0)	23 (12.0)
Hypertension
No	27 (77.1)	135 (70.3)	0.676	0.676
Yes	8 (22.9)	57 (29.7)
Coronary heart disease
No	32 (91.4)	182 (94.8)	0.62	0.62
Yes	3 (8.6)	10 (5.2)
Surgical data
Baseline rScO2	62.89 ± 6.05	64.74 ± 5.18	1.452	0.456
ScO2, M (IQR)	54.5 (52-58.5)	56.5 (53-60)	-1.813	0.070
Intraoperative blood loss [mL, M (IQR)]	100 (100-200)	100 (50-150)	-2.641	0.008
Anesthesia time (minute)	281.31 ± 72.95	267.09 ± 75.74	0.742	0.390
Surgical time (minute)	210.77 ± 65.28	197.43 ± 69.37	0.145	0.704
Laparoscopic conversion to open abdominal surgery	2 (5.7)	13 (6.8)	0.054	0.817

DNR: Delayed postoperative neurocognitive recovery; MMSE: Mini mental state examination; IQR: Interquartile range; Hb: Hemoglobin; rScO₂: Regional cerebral saturation oxygenation; ScO₂: Cerebral regional oxygen saturation; M: Median number.

Table 2 Multivariate regression analysis of factors for delayed postoperative neurocognitive recovery in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery

Independent variable	β	SE	Wald	P value	OR (95%CI)
Intraoperative ScO2	-0.074	0.035	4.377	0.036	0.929 (0.867-0.995)
Years of education	-0.118	0.055	4.593	0.032	0.889 (0.789-0990
Intraoperative blood loss	0.001	0.001	1.773	0.183	1.001 (0.999-1.003)
Age	0.071	0.028	6.265	0.012	1.074 (1.016-1.136)
BMI	0.042	0.074	0.329	0.556	1.043 (0.903-1.205)
Diabetes	1.066	0.524	4.131	0.042	2.903 (1.039-8.111)
Hypertension	-0.738	0.500	2.177	0.140	0.478 (0.179-1.274)
Coronary heart disease	0.282	0.774	0.133	0.716	1.326 (0.291-6.048)
Constant	-2.384	3.048	0.612	0.434	0.092

ScO₂: Cerebral regional oxygen saturation; BMI: Body mass index; OR: Odds ratio.

Table 3 Comparison of clinical data between the modeling group and external validation group, n (%)

Variables	Modeling group (n = 227)	Verification group (n = 30)	χ2/Z	P value
General information
Age [years, M (IQR)]	64 (58-69)	68.5 (65-71.5)	64 (58-69)
Sex
Male	147 (64.8)	16 (46.7)	1.491	0.222
Female	80 (35.2)	14 (53.3)
BMI [kg/m², M (IQR)]	22.3 (20.5-24.6)	23.1 (21.48-25.8)	-1.329	0.184
Years of education [year, M (IQR)]	9 (6-12)	8.5 (5-12)	-0.789	0.430
Medical history data
Hb [g/L, M (IQR)]	128 (113-138)	110 (99.75-126)	-3.368	0.001
Diabetes
No	195 (85.9)	26 (86.7)	0.013	0.91
Yes	32 (14.1)	4 (13.3)
Hypertension
No	162 (71.4)	23 (76.7)	0.369	0.543
Yes	65 (28.6)	7 (23.3)
Coronary heart disease
No	214 (94.3)	28 (93.3	7.848	0.837
Yes	13 (5.7)	2 (6.7)
Surgical data
Baseline tSO2 (%, mean ± SD)	63.81 ± 5.62	64.58 ± 6.04	2.317	0.721
Intraoperative rScO2 [%, M (IQR)]	56 (52.5-60)	58.5 (55.87-61)	-2.253	0.024
Intraoperative blood loss [mL, M (IQR)]	100 (50-150)	100 (50-200)	-0.969	0.332
DNR
No	192 (84.6)	27 (90.0)	0.617	0.432
Yes	35 (15.4)	3 (10.0)

DNR: Delayed postoperative neurocognitive recovery; IQR: Interquartile range; Hb: Hemoglobin; rScO₂: Regional cerebral saturation oxygenation; ScO₂: Cerebral regional oxygen saturation; M: Median number; tSO₂: Tissue oxygen saturation.