Analysis of alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase after radiofrequency ablation of primary liver cancer: A retrospective study

Table 1 Baseline data of patients and pre-treatment liver function levels (n = 165)

Clinical data	Number of cases (%)
Age
< 60 years old	92 (55.8)
≥ 60 years old	73 (44.2)
Gender
Male	126 (76.4)
Female	39 (23.6)
Viral hepatitis
Hepatitis B	119 (72.2)
Hepatitis C	37 (22.4)
Hepatitis B comorbidities	3 (1.8)
Hepatitis C
None	6 (3.6)
Child-Pugh
A-level	136 (82.4)
B/C level	27/2 (16.4/1.2)
Tumor staging
0/A/B	5/62/65 (3.0/37.6/39.4)
C/D	30/3 (18.2/1.8)
Tumor size
< 5 cm	119 (72.1)
≥ 5 cm	46 (27.9)
Number of tumors
Single shot	86 (52.1)
Multiple occurrences	79 (47.9)
Lymph node metastasis
Yes	23 (13.9)
No	142 (86.1)
Distant metastasis
Yes	11 (6.7)
No	154 (93.3)
AST
≤ 35 L/I	63 (38.2)
> 35 U/I	102 (61.8)
ALT
≤ 40 I/I	49 (29.7)
> 40 U/L	116 (70.3)
ALP
≤ 135 U/I	127 (77.0)
> 135 L/I	38 (23.0)
GGT
≤ 45 U/I	65 (39.4)
> 45 L/I	100 (60.6)
Cholinesterase
≥ 4300 IL/I	100 (60.6)
< 4300 IL/I	65 (39.4)
TBil
≤ 30 μmol/L	136 (82.4)
> 30 μmol/L	29 (17.6)
Alb
≥ 40 g/L	52 (31.5)
< 40 g/L	113 (68.5)
Hepatic encephalopathy
Yes	7 (4.2)
No	158 (95.8)
Ascites
Yes	38 (23.0)
No	127 (77.0)
Portal vein cancer thrombus
Yes	8 (4.8)
No	157 (95.2)

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of serum alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase levels and overall survival before treatment

Project	Single factor analysis (95%CI)	P value	Multivariate analysis (95%CI)	P value
ALP (> 135 U/L vs ≤ 135 U/L	1.988 (1.313-3.008)	0.001	1.766 (1.068-2.921)	0.027
GGT (> 45 U/L vs ≤ 45 U/L)	2.816 (1.741-4.556)	0.001	2.312 (1.367-3.912)	0.002
Cholinesterase (< 4300 U/L vs ≥ 4300 U/L)	1.948 (1.328-2.857)	0.001	1.312 (0.815-2.113)	0.264
ALT (> 40 U/L vs ≤ 40 U/L)	1.716 (1.125-2.617)	0.012	1.531 (0.933-2.511)	0.092
AST (> 35 U/L vs ≤ 35 U/L)	1.479 (0.937-2.334)	0.093	0.819 (0.483-1.390)	0.460
TBil (> 30 μmol/L vs ≤ 30 μmol/L)	2.098 (1.338-3.288)	0.001	1.202 (0.689-2.096)	0.518
Alb (< 40 g/L vs ≥ 40 g/L)	1.274 (0.830-1.956)	0.269	0.814 (0.502-1.319)	0.403

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis of serum alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase levels and progression free survival

Project	Single factor analysis (95%CI)	P value	Multivariate analysis (95%CI)	P value
ALP (> 135 U/L vs ≤ 135 U/L)	2.269 (1.536-3.352)	< 0.001	1.653 (1.001-2.729)	0.049
GGT (> 45 U/L vs ≤ 45 U/L	2.147 (1.470-3.134	< 0.001	1.949 (1.296-2.930)	0.001
Cholinesterase (< 4300 U/L vs ≥ 4300 U/L)	1.343 (0.945-1.910)	0.100	0.956 (0.623-1.469)	0.839
ALT (> 40 U/L vs ≤ 40 U/L)	1.121 (0.782-1.609	0.534	1.046 (0.689-1.588)	0.834
AST (> 35 U/L vs ≤ 35 U/L)	1.103 (0.747-1.629	0.621	0.776 (0.487-1.237)	0.286
TBil (> 30 μmol/L vs ≤ 30 μmol/L)	2.020 (1.329-3.072)	0.001	1.335 (0.765-2.329)	0.309
Alb (< 40 g/L vs ≥ 40 g/L)	1.464 (0.994-2.156)	0.054	1.119 (0.727-1.722)	0.60 g

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval.

Table 4 Relationship between serum alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase levels before treatment and clinical characteristics

Project	ALP ≤ 135 U/L (n = 127)	ALP > 135 U/L (n = 38)	χ2	P value	GGT ≤ 45 U/L (n = 65)	GGT > 45 U/L (n = 100)	χ2	P value
Age (< 60 years vs ≥ 60 years)	68/59	24/14	1.096	0.295	32/33	60/40	1.852	0.174
Gender (female vs male)	102/25	24/14	4.770	0.029	49/16	77/23	0.057	0.811
Tumor staging (0/A/B vs C/D)	103/24	29/9	0.419	0.518	58/7	74/26	6.188	0.013
Child-Puch grading (A vs B/C)	118/9	18/20	41.881	< 0.001	50/62	74/26	12.436	< 0.001
Tumor size (< 5 cm vs ≥ 5 cm)	92/35	27/11	0.028	0.867	54/11	65/35	6.402	0.011
Number of tumors (single vs multiple)	66/61	20/18	0.005	0.943	38/27	48/52	1.728	0.189
Lymph node metastasis (Y vs N)	16/111	7/31	0.827	0.363	5/60	18/82	3.489	0.062
Remote metastasis (Y vs N)	10/117	1/37	1.292	0.256	3/62	8/92	0.725	0.394
Hepatic encephalopathy (Y vs N)	4/123	3/35	1.621	0.203	0/65	7/93	4.752	0.029
Ascites (Y vs N)	22/105	16/22	10.134	0.001	12/53	26/74	1.263	0.26
Portal vein cancer thrombus (Y vs N)	6/121	2/36	0.018	0.892	1/64	7/93	2.547	0.111

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase.