The effect of intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy in patients under anesthesia for gastrointestinal surgery

Table 1 Comparison of the general conditions of the two patient groups

Parameter	Experimental group, n = 30	Control group, n = 30	t/F	P value
Age in years	50.4 ± 10.14	52.25 ± 10.17	-0.33	0.75
Sex: Male/female	18/12	17/13	0.54	0.59
Weight in kg	68.22 ± 12.28	64.82 ± 10.75	1.14	0.26
ASA classification: I/II/III	8/15/7	9/14/7	-2.63	0.92
Type of surgery: gastrectomy/bowel resection	16/14	15/15	-1.48	0.81

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Comparison of intraoperative indicators between the two patient groups

Intraoperative indicator, mL	Experimental group, n = 30	Control group, n = 30	t value	P value
Blood loss	296.64 ± 46.71	470.05 ± 73.26	-10.93	< 0.001
Urine output	415.13 ± 96.72	239.15 ± 94.69	7.12	< 0.001

Table 3 Comparison of postoperative recovery conditions between the two patient groups

Postoperative condition	Experimental group, n = 30	Control group, n = 30	t value	P value
Recovery time in days	5.44 ± 1.1	7.59 ± 1.45	-6.47	< 0.001
Hospital stays in days	10.43 ± 2.49	13.65 ± 3	-4.53	< 0.001
Time to get out of bed for the first time after surgery in days	1.73 ± 0.58	3 ± 0.71	-7.63	< 0.001
Time to first bowel movement after surgery in days	2.6 ± 0.6	4.33 ± 1.25	-6.86	< 0.001

Table 4 Comparison of postoperative pain scores (visual analogue scale) between the two patient groups

VAS score	Experimental group, n = 30	Control group, n = 30	t value	P value
24 h after surgery	3.38 ± 0.79	4.51 ± 0.86	-5.30	< 0.001
48 h after surgery	2.05 ± 0.57	3.51 ± 0.97	-7.13	< 0.001

VAS: Visual analogue scale.

Table 5 Comparison of intraoperative hemodynamic parameters between the two patient groups

Intraoperative parameter	Experimental group, n = 30	Control group, n = 30	t value	P value
Cardiac output in L/min	5.99 ± 1.04	4.88 ± 1.17	3.88	< 0.001
Pulse pressure variability as %	10.87 ± 2.36	17.5 ± 3.21	-9.10	< 0.001
Central venous pressure in mmHg	7.75 ± 1.44	9.42 ± 1.43	-4.54	< 0.001