Potential applications of single-incision laparoscopic totally preperitoneal hernioplasty

Table 1 Patient demographics and hernia characteristics

Variable	Value
Number of patients	152
Sex
Male	127
Female	25
Mean age (year)	49.5 (range: 21.0-81.0)
Mean BMI, kg/m2	27.7 (range: 17.7-35.6)
Median ASA	1.1 (range: 1.0-2.0)
Main type of hernias
Right inguinal hernia	70
Left inguinal hernia	57
Bilateral inguinal hernia	20
Umbilical hernia	2
Incisional hernia	3
Gilbert type (Gilbert type)	180
Indirect hernia	133 (Gilbert I, 42; Gilbert II, 53; Gilbert III, 38)
Direct hernia	36 (Gilbert IV, 17; Gilbert V, 19)
Femoral hernia	11 (Gilbert VII, 11)
Scrotal hernia	6
Incarcerated hernia	5

BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Summary of operative and postoperative data (indirect hernia, direct hernia and femoral hernia, 152 patients)

Variable	Value
Mean operative time, minute (range)	-
Indirect	81.6 (40-150)
Direct or femoral	64.5 (36-110)
Both	113.8 (60-210)
Keep the uterine round ligament intact	25
Conversation	1.97% (3/152)
Add auxiliary hole	1.31% (2/152)
Intraoperative complication	27.63% (42/152)
Accidental peritoneal rupture	28
Hernial sac amputation	9
Ductus deferens injury	0
Internal spermatic vessel injury	3
Inferior epigastric vessel injury	2
Corona mortis bleeding	0

Table 3 Short-term results

Variable	Data
Postoperative complication	3.29% (5/152)
Mesh infection	0 (0)
Wound infection	0 (0)
Incision hematoma	< 1% (1/152)
Seroma	2.63% (4/152)
Sanguineous apoplexy/stroke	0 (0)
Delirium	0 (0)
Upper respiratory infection	0 (0)
Urinary retention	0 (0)
Urinary tract infection	0 (0)
Hydrocele of testes	0 (0)
VAS score (postoperative 24 hours, mean)	1.8 ± 0.9
Postoperative hospital day	3.40
Testicular atrophy	0
Chronic pain	0
Umbilical hernia	0
Recurrence (Until June 2022)	0

VAS: Visual analog scale.