Study on the occurrence and influencing factors of gastrointestinal symptoms in hemodialysis patients with uremia

Table 1 Comparison of general data between two groups of patients

Variables	Having gastrointestinal symptoms group, n = 78	No gastrointestinal symptoms group, n = 20	t/χ2	P value
Sex			2.602	0.199
Male	36	12
Female	42	8
Age in year	59.84 ± 9.56	45.76 ± 6.52	5.654	< 0.001
BMI in kg/m2	18.84 ± 2.23	22.16 ± 3.68	6.943	< 0.001
Using glucocorticoids
Yes	27	4	4.695	0.013
No	43	16
Combined diabetes			4.579	0.017
Yes	46	9
No	24	11
Dialysis time in month	28.68 ± 8.93	21.67 ± 6.64	2.453	0.036
Dialysis treatment method			1.624	0.203
Alone	53	12
Union	17	8
Type of renal injury			1.203	0.138
Secondary renal injury	33	9
Primary disease	37	11
Number of tablets taken as tablets/day	6.36 ± 2.02	4.03 ± 1.85	7.984	< 0.001

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 comparison of laboratory examination results between the two groups

Variable	Having gastrointestinal symptoms group, n = 78	No gastrointestinal symptoms group, n = 20	t value	P value
PTH in pg/mL	168.76 ± 19.15	103.57 ± 9.83	15.978	< 0.001
Hb in g/L	87.03 ± 10.95	118.26 ± 16.79	9.606	< 0.001
Urea clearance index in kt/v	0.69 ± 0.23	0.93 ± 0.34	3.29	0.012
CRP in mg/L	24.23 ± 3.02	13.46 ± 2.89	15.674	< 0.001
ALB in g/L	35.96 ± 4.17	37.93 ± 3.62	0.521	0.893
TC in mmol/L	5.57 ± 1.06	6.08 ± 1.59	1.478	0.117
TG in mmol/L	1.21 ± 0.53	1.52 ± 0.67	1.323	0.193
BUN in mmol/L	7.49 ± 0.62	7.38 ± 0.55	0.723	0.472
SCr in μg/L	95.45 ± 6.78	96.87 ± 6.03	0.664	0.509

ALB: Albumin; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; CRP: C-reactive protein; Hb: Hemoglobin; PTH: Parathyroid hormone; SCr: Serum creatinine; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride.

Table 3 Comparison of the incidence of different types of gastrointestinal symptoms

Variable	n	Incidence, %
Dyspepsia	41	52.56
Mild	21	26.92
Moderate or moderate weight	20	25.64
Constipation	37	47.44
Mild	28	35.90
Moderate or moderate weight	9	11.54
Countercurrent	33	42.31
Mild	32	41.03
Moderate or moderate weight	1	1.28
Diarrhea	28	35.90
Mild	25	32.05
Moderate or moderate weight	2	2.56
Serious or very serious	1	1.28
Abdominal pain	23	29.49
Mild	19	24.36
Moderate or moderate weight	3	3.85
Serious or very serious	1	1.28
Eating disorder	17	21.79
Mild	15	19.23
Moderate or moderate weight	2	2.56

Table 4 Score of Gastrointestinal Symptom Grading Scale for gastrointestinal symptoms

Variable	Average score of entries, points
Dyspepsia	1.41 ± 0.65
Constipation	1.37 ± 0.46
Countercurrent	1.33 ± 0.42
Diarrhea	1.35 ± 0.44
Abdominal pain	1.38 ± 0.69
Eating disorder	1.36 ± 0.60
Total score	1.35 ± 0.47

Data are mean ± standard deviation.

Table 5 Results of the logistic regression analysis

Variable	P value	OR	95%CI
Age	< 0.001	2.671	1.875-3.937
BMI	0.018	0.168	0.037-0.716
Number of tablets	0.016	2.727	2.251-3.602
Glucocorticoid	0.032	1.143	1.034-1.267
Dialysis time	< 0.001	2.163	1.236-3.152
PTH	0.036	2.237	1.538-2.786
CRP	0.041	1.307	1.113-1.894
Diabetes mellitus	0.002	1.723	1.235-2.274
Hb	0.023	0.742	0.638-0.965
Urea clearance index	0.039	0.821	0.702-0.971

BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval; CRP: C-reactive protein; Hb: Hemoglobin; OR: Odds ratio; PTH: Parathyroid hormone.