Perioperative outcomes of transvaginal specimen extraction laparoscopic total gastrectomy and conventional laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

	NOSES	LATG
Sex, n (%)
Male	0 (0)	23 (79.3)
Female	22 (100)	6 (20.7)
Age (year), mean (SD)	56.59	56.86
ASA classification, n (%)
I	14 (63.7)	19 (65.5)
II	8 (36.3)	10 (34.5)
Intraoperative blood loss (mL, SD)	218.18	211.72
Concomitant disease, n (%)
Hypertension	7 (32)	8 (27.6)
Diabetes	2 (9)	4 (13.8)
Cardiac	10 (4.5)	10 (3.4)
Abdominal incision length (cm)	3.18	9.28
Postoperative exhaust time (h, SD)	63.86	81.28
Body mass index (kg/m2), n (%)
Underweight < 18.5	1 (4.5)	1 (3.4)
Normal 18.5-23.9	2 (9.1)	19 (65.5)
Overweight 24-27.9	16 (72.8)	8 (27.6)
Obese ≥ 28	3 (13.6)	1 (3.5)
With previous abdominal surgery, n (%)	3 (13.6)	3 (10.3)
Preoperative CEA (ng/mL), n (%)
< 5	20 (91)	29 (100)
≥ 5	2 (9)	0 (0)
Clinical TNM stage, n (%)
I	9 (40.9)	13 (44.8)
II	4 (18.1)	1 (3.5)
III	9 (41)	15 (51.7)
Mean operation time (minutes)	284.23	221.15
Undergo postoperative chemotherapy, n (%)	17 (77.3)	18 (62)
Postoperative complications, n (%)
Postoperative bleeding	0 (0)	0 (0)
Postoperative liver metastasis	0 (0)	0 (0)
Bone metastasis	0 (0)	0 (0)
Pulmonary infection	0 (0)	0 (0)
Postoperative anastomotic leakage	0 (0)	0 (0)
Postoperative abdominal infection	0 (0)	0 (0)
Incision-related complications	0 (0)	0 (0)
Postoperative intestinal obstruction	0 (0)	0 (0)
Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism	0 (0)	0 (0)

NOSES: Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery; LATG: Laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy.

Table 2 Statistical analysis

	P value	Mean of LATG	Mean of NOSES	Difference	SE of difference
Operation time (minutes)	0.000215	225.0	284.2	-59.23	14.81
Postoperative exhaust time (hours)	0.001373	81.28	63.86	17.41	5.130
Abdominal incision length (cm)	< 0.000001	9.276	3.182	6.094	0.3357
Number of anvil used	< 0.000001	3.586	5.000	-1.414	0.2021
BIQ score	< 0.000001	31.10	41.45	-10.35	0.4849
Age	0.921270	56.86	56.59	0.2712	2.729
Weight (kg)	0.348282	60.37	57.09	3.283	3.466
BMI (kg/m2)	0.368479	22.78	23.89	-1.106	1.218
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	0.884527	211.7	218.2	-6.458	44.23
Lymph node dissection	0.431364	20.24	17.59	2.650	3.341
Postoperative hospital stay (days)	0.723817	8.448	8.227	0.2210	0.6218
Analgesic drug use	0.453535	0.5172	0.4091	0.1082	0.1431
History of abdominal operation	0.724385	0.1034	0.1364	-0.03292	0.09281
Eat a liquid diet (days)	0.079366	6.000	5.545	0.4545	0.2537
Postoperative adjuvant therapy	0.255226	0.6207	0.7727	-0.1520	0.1321

NOSES: Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery; LATG: Laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy.