Prognostic factors associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction after gastrointestinal tumor surgery: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Basic characteristics and quality evaluation results of the included literatures

Ref.	Country	Research type	Surgical site	Cases	Incidence of POGD (%)	NOS score
Xu et al[13]	China	Retrospective cohort study	Colorectal cancer	187	16. 6	7
Huang et al[14]	China	Prospective cohort study	Gastric cancer	296	32. 4	7
Wang et al[17]	China	Retrospective cohort study	Gastric cancer	83	26. 5	8
Pu et al[24]	China	Retrospective cohort study	Colorectal cancer	404	18. 3	7
Wu et al[25]	China	Retrospective cohort study	Gastric cancer	312	41. 03	8
Liu et al[26]	China	Retrospective cohort study	Colorectum	260	31. 6	8
Tian et al[29]	China	Retrospective cohort study	Small intestine	247	40. 5	7
Franko et al[8]	America	Retrospective cohort study	Colorectum	820	4. 5	8
Kronberg et al[9]	America	Retrospective cohort study	Colorectum	413	10.2	7
Millan et al[10]	Spain	Retrospective cohort study	Colorectal cancer	773	15.96	7
Chapuis et al[11]	Australia	Retrospective cohort study	Colorectum	3393	14. 0	8
Kim MG et al[12]	Korea	Retrospective cohort study	Gastric cancer	389	1.8	7
Moghadamyeghaneh et al[15]	America	Retrospective cohort study	Colon	27560	12.7	7
Wolthuis et al[16]	Belgium	Retrospective cohort study	Colorectum	523	15. 9	7
Courtot et al[18]	France	Retrospective cohort study	Right colon cancer	637	17.7	8
Kim et al[19]	Korea	Retrospective cohort study	Ileum	220	8.1	8
Weng et al[20]	Russia	Prospective cohort study	Colorectal cancer	300	13. 0	8
Sugawara et al[21]	Japan	Prospective cohort study	Gastrointestinal tract	841	8.8	7
Aktaş et al[22]	Turkey	Prospective cohort study	Ileum	79	9. 0	7
Sapci et al[23]	America	Retrospective cohort study	Colorectal cancer	5369	16. 6	8
Greenberg et al[27]	America	Retrospective cohort study	Ileum	261	32.6	8
Namba et al[28]	Japan	Retrospective cohort study	Colorectal cancer	356	13. 5	7
Watkins et al[4]	South Africa	Retrospective cohort study	Colorectal cancer	155	36. 0	8

POGD: Postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction; NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Table 2 Meta-analysis of factors affecting gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients after gastrointestinal surgery

Research factor	Inclusion study	Heterogeneity test		Effect model	Meta-analysis results
		P value	I2 (%)		OR (95%CI)	P value
Body mass index (≥ 25.3 kg/m2)	4 studies[14,20,23,27]	0.59	0	Immobilization	1.06 (1.00-1.12)	0.040
Age	9 studies[9,14,15,20,22,23,25-27]	0.17	40	Immobilization	2.25 (1.76-2.87)	< 0.001
Smoking history	4 studies[4,10,13,21]	0.56	0	Immobilization	1.89 (1.31-2.73)	< 0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	4 studies[10,11,13,15]	0.26	26	Immobilization	1.45 (1.24-1.69)	< 0.001
Enterostomy	4 studies[10,11,13,23]	0.66	0	Immobilization	1.47 (1.26-1.70)	< 0.001
History of abdominal operation	6 studies[8,9,14,19,20,22]	0.45	0	Immobilization	2.90 (1.67-5.03)	< 0.001
Surgical site	7 studies[10,13,14,16,21-23]	0.17	44	Immobilization	1.92 (1.40-2.62)	< 0.001
Operation duration	7 studies[11,14,15,25,27-29]	0.21	36	Immobilization	2.65 (1.92-3.67)	< 0.001
Grade of abdominal adhesion	4 studies[20,22,27,29]	0.33	0	Immobilization	2.52 (1.90-3.56)	< 0.001
Tumor TNM staging	2 studies[14,25]	0.78	0	Immobilization	2.58 (1.84-3.62)	< 0.001
Gender (male)	15 studies[4,10-13,15-18,20,21,23,25,27,28]	< 0.001	81	Random	1.58 (1.25-2.01)	0.002
Mode of operation	9 studies[14-16,21-26]	0.35	87	Random	1.68 (1.08-2.62)	0.020
Postoperative opioid use history	7 studies[9,14,17,20,25-27]	0.13	51	Random	5.35 (3.29-8.71)	< 0.001
Postoperative transfusion	6 studies[11,18,20,22,28,29]	0.09	64	Random	2.92 (0.88-9.73)	< 0.001
Postoperative body temperature	2 studies[17,25]	< 0.001	99	Random	5.72 (0.76-42.96)	0.090
Preoperative low albumin (< 30 g/L)	6 studies[9,13-15,24,29]	< 0.001	96	Random	0.37 (0.08-1.72)	0.210

Table 3 Exclusion of risk factors of postoperative postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction for gastrointestinal tumors

Risk factor	Before exclusion			After exclusion
	Model	OR (95%CI)	P value	Model	OR (95%CI)	P value
Gender	Random	1. 65 (1.36-2.00)	0. 002	Immobilization	1.41 (1.29-1.54)	< 0. 001
Mode of operation	Random	1. 68 (1.08-2.62)	0. 020	Immobilization	2.73 (1.96-3.81)	< 0. 001
Opioid use history	Random	4. 78 (2.30-9.92)	< 0. 001	Immobilization	1.47 (1.17-1.92)	0. 010
Hemorrhage	Random	2. 92 (0.88-9.73)	< 0. 001	Random	2.92 (0.88-9.73)	0. 080