Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Surg. May 27, 2024; 16(5): 1311-1319
Published online May 27, 2024. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i5.1311
Table 1 Analysis of patient characteristics in each group, n (%)
Variables
3D group (n = 52)
2D group (n = 68)
χ2/t value
P value
Age (yr, mean ± SD)51.96 ± 8.3050.28 ± 9.101.0420.300
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)21.68 (19.62, 24.92)22.06 (20.45, 23.92)-0.1720.863
Sex2.6310.105
Male38 (73.08)40 (58.82)
Female14 (26.92)28 (41.18)
Pathological pattern0.5020.778
Squamous cell carcinoma15 (28.85)18 (26.47)
Adenocarcinoma24 (46.15)29 (42.65)
Other13 (25.00)21 (30.88)
Helicobacter pylori infection0.9000.343
Yes12 (23.08)21 (30.88)
No40 (76.92)47 (69.12)
Siewert type1.2220.269
II23 (44.23)37 (54.41)
III29 (55.77)31 (45.59)
Scope of resection0.3510.554
Whole stomach27 (51.92)39 (57.35)
Proximal stomach25 (48.08)29 (42.65)
Operative route0.21150.643
Transthoracic approach35 (67.31)43 (63.24)
Transabdominal17 (32.69)25 (36.76)
Maximum tumor diameter0.5430.461
< 3 cm24 (46.15)36 (52.94)
≥ 3 cm28 (53.85)32 (47.06)
Infiltration length1.2110.271
< 5 cm20 (38.46)33 (48.53)
≥ 5 cm32 (61.54)35 (51.47)
Table 2 Tumor conditions under three-dimensional reconstruction visualization and clinical practice, n (%)

3D (n = 52)
Clinical practice (n = 52)
χ2/t value
P value
Maximum tumor diameter0.3460.556
< 3 cm27 (51.92)24 (46.15)
≥ 3 cm25 (48.08)28 (53.85)
Infiltration length0.3570.550
< 5 cm23 (44.23)20 (38.46)
≥ 5 cm29 (55.77)32 (61.54)
Table 3 Comparison of intraoperative indices between the three- and two-dimensional groups (mean ± SD)
Variables
3D group (n = 52)
2D group (n = 68)
χ2/t value
P value
Operative time (min)157.02 ± 8.38183.16 ± 23.87-8.381< 0.001
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)83.65 ± 14.22110.94 ± 22.05-8.212< 0.001
Number of lymph node dissections (n)28.98 ± 2.8223.56 ± 2.7710.539< 0.001
R0 resection rate (%)80.77% (42/52)61.64% (42/68)5.0680.024
Table 4 Comparison of postoperative indices between the three- and two-dimensional groups
Variables
3D group (n = 52)
2D group (n = 68)
Z value
P value
Postoperative hospital stay (d, IQR)8 (8, 9)13 (14, 16)-9.341< 0.001
Postoperative gas evacuation time (d, IQR)3 (3, 4)4 (5, 5)-7.402< 0.001
Drainage tube removal time (d, IQR)4 (4, 5)6 (6, 7)-8.413< 0.001