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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Mar 27, 2024; 16(3): 777-789
Published online Mar 27, 2024. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i3.777
Published online Mar 27, 2024. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i3.777
Table 1 Clinical demographics of patients who underwent multivisceral resection, n (%)
Total (n = 46) | Minimally invasive (n = 34) | Open (n = 12) | P valuea | |
Age, yr | 68.0 (44.0-85.0) | 68.0 (44.0-85.0) | 67.5 (45.0-85.0) | 0.573 |
Sex, male (%) | 21 (45.7) | 15 (44.1) | 6 (50) | 0.725 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.5 (12.6-37.9) | 22.0 (12.6-32.1) | 23.3 (16.4-37.9) | 0.708 |
ASA score, median | 2.0 (1.0-3.0) | 2.0 (1.0-3.0) | 2.0 (1.0-3.0) | 0.966 |
1 | 13 (28.3) | 10 (29.4) | 3 (25.0) | |
2 | 27 (58.7) | 19 (55.9) | 8 (66.7) | |
3 | 6 (13.0) | 5 (14.7) | 1 (8.3) | |
Co-morbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 23 (50.0) | 17 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | 1.000 |
Hyperlipidemia | 18 (39.1) | 14 (41.2) | 4 (33.3) | 0.632 |
Diabetes mellitus | 11 (23.9) | 9 (26.5) | 2 (16.7) | 0.494 |
Ischemic heart disease | 3 (6.5) | 3 (8.8) | 0 (0) | 0.287 |
Previous abdominal surgery | 7 (15.2) | 5 (14.7) | 2 (16.7) | 0.871 |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 31 (67.4) | 25 (73.5) | 6 (50.0) | 0.135 |
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy | 36 (78.3) | 29 (85.3) | 7 (58.3) | 0.052 |
Previous local recurrence | 3 (6.5) | 2 (5.9) | 1 (8.3) | 0.768 |
Table 2 Intra-operative characteristics of patients who underwent multivisceral resection, n (%)
Total (n = 46) | Minimally invasive (n = 34) | Open (n = 12) | P value | |
Surgical access | N/A | |||
Laparoscopic | 13 (28.3) | 13 (38.2) | - | |
Robotic | 21 (45.7) | 21 (61.8) | - | |
Urgency of surgery | 0.015a | |||
Elective | 44 (95.7) | 34 (100) | 10 (83.3) | |
Emergency | 2 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (16.7) | |
Type of surgery | 0.147 | |||
ULAR with DI | 30 (65.2) | 25 (73.5) | 5 (41.7) | |
APR | 11 (23.9) | 6 (17.6) | 5 (41.7) | |
Hartmann’s procedure | 3 (6.5) | 2 (5.9) | 1 (8.3) | |
LAR | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (8.3) | |
taTME | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | |
Extent of resection | - | |||
En-bloc seminal vesicles | 5 (10.9) | 5 (14.7) | 0 (0) | |
Posterior vaginectomy | 4 (8.7) | 4 (11.8) | 0 (0) | |
Salpingo-oopherectomy | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | |
Bladder sparing prostatectomy | 5 (10.9) | 4 (11.8) | 1 (8.3) | |
Posterior exanteration | 22 (47.8) | 16 (47.1) | 6 (50.0) | |
Total pelvic exanteration | 9 (19.6) | 4 (11.8) | 5 (41.7) | |
Small bowel resection | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | |
Sacrectomy | 3 (6.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (25.0) | |
Initial stoma creation | 35 (76.1) | 27 (79.4) | 7 (58.3) | 0.153 |
Eventual reversal | 18 (51.4) | 15 (55.6) | 3 (42.9) | |
Intra-operative ureteric injury | 2 (4.3) | 2 (5.9) | 0 (0) | 0.390 |
Operating time, min | 562 (225-900) | 566.5 (275-900) | 502.5 (225-751) | 0.150 |
Estimated blood loss, mL | 500 (0-4000) | 450 (0-2400) | 1200 (200-4000) | 0.008a |
Pathological TNM stage | 0.836 | |||
Complete pathological response | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | |
1 | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | |
2 | 20 (43.5) | 15 (44.1) | 5 (41.7) | |
3 | 17 (37.0) | 11 (32.4) | 6 (50.0) | |
4 | 7 (15.2) | 6 (17.6) | 1 (8.3) | |
R0 resection | 37 (80.4) | 27 (79.4) | 10 (83.3) | 0.768 |
Table 3 Post-operative outcomes of patients who underwent multivisceral resection, n (%)
Total (n = 46) | Minimally invasive (n = 34) | Open (n = 12) | P value | |
Short-term complications | ||||
Anastomotic leak | 7 (15.2) | 4 (11.8) | 3 (25.0) | 0.272 |
Intra-abdominal collection | 10 (21.7) | 4 (11.8) | 6 (50.0) | 0.006a |
Ileus | 19 (41.3) | 11 (32.4) | 8 (66.7) | 0.038a |
SSI | 10 (21.7) | 4 (11.8) | 6 (50.0) | 0.006a |
Pneumonia | 2 (5.9) | 2 (5.9) | 0 (0) | 0.390 |
Overall complications | 30 (65.2) | 20 (58.8) | 10 (83.3) | 0.125 |
Major morbidity | 11 (23.9) | 5 (14.7) | 6 (50.0) | 0.014a |
Length of stay, d | 12.0 (3.0-62.0) | 10.0 (3.0-42.0) | 30.0 (6.0-62.0) | < 0.001a |
30-d readmission | 11 (23.9) | 8 (23.5) | 3 (25.0) | 0.918 |
30-d mortality | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A |
Adjuvant chemotherapy | 31 (67.4) | 24 (70.6) | 7 (58.3) | 0.436 |
Follow-up, months | 32.2 (1.1-100.8) | 29.2 (1.1-100.8) | 36.2 (2.2-73.9) | 0.582 |
Overall survival | ||||
Median, months | 43.2 (41.5-N/A) | 43.1 (40.4-N/A) | 47.1 (14.5-N/A) | 0.257 |
1-year | 93.2 (80.3-97.8) | 93.9 (77.6-98.4) | 91.3 (52.4-98.7) | 0.774 |
3-year | 71.5 (54.1-83.3) | 71.1 (49.8-84.6) | 72.1 (35.9-90.1) | 0.473 |
5-year | 36.5 (18.2-55.0) | 32.1 (11.9-54.6) | 45.9 (13.6-73.8) | 0.446 |
Recurrence-free survival | ||||
Median, months | 43.2 (19.5-N/A) | 43.2 (15.4-N/A) | 47.1 (3.6-N/A) | 0.501 |
1-year | 77.3 (61.9-87.1) | 75.4 (56.8-86.9) | 82.6 (46.5-95.3) | 0.800 |
3-year | 60.8 (43.8-74.1) | 56.1 (36.0-72.2) | 72.9 (37.1-90.4) | 0.879 |
5-year | 37.1 (19.0-55.3) | 33.7 (13.1-55.8) | 17.2 (13.8-74.2) | 0.371 |
Table 4 Subgroup analysis comparing outcomes of patients who had minimally invasive multivisceral resection, n (%)
Robotic (n = 21) | Laparoscopic (n = 13) | P value | |
Intra-operative ureteric injury | 1 (4.8) | 1 (7.7) | 0.724 |
Open conversion | 1 (4.8) | 3 (23.1) | 0.107 |
Surgical complexity | 0.004a | ||
Simple | 9 (42.9) | 12 (92.3) | |
Complex | 12 (57.1) | 1 (7.7) | |
Short-term complications | |||
Anastomotic leak | 1 (4.8) | 3 (23.1) | 0.107 |
Intra-abdominal collection | 1 (4.8) | 3 (23.1) | 0.107 |
Ileus | 6 (28.6) | 5 (38.5) | 0.549 |
SSI | 1 (4.8) | 3 (23.1) | 0.107 |
Pneumonia | 1 (4.8) | 1 (7.7) | 0.724 |
Overall complications | 12 (57.1) | 8 (61.5) | 0.800 |
Major morbidity | 3 (14.3) | 2 (15.4) | 0.930 |
Length of stay, d | 11.0 (4.0-28.0) | 0.807 | |
30-d readmission | 5 (23.8) | 3 (23.1) | 0.961 |
30-d mortality | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A |
Adjuvant chemotherapy | 15 (71.4) | 9 (69.2) | 0.891 |
Follow-up, months | 24.2 (4.8-100.8) | 41.5 (1.1-76.5) | 0.158 |
Overall survival | |||
Median, months | 43.2 (43.1-N/A) | 40.4 (12.9-53.0) | 0.149 |
1-year | 95.0 (69.5-99.3) | 92.0 (55.3-98.8) | 0.083 |
3-year | 83.1 (56.1-94.3) | 58.6 (27.2-80.2) | 0.008a |
5-year | 49.9 (13.1-78.8) | 21.0 (3.7-47.9) | 0.175 |
Recurrence-free survival | |||
Median, months | 43.2 (19.5-N/A) | 12.9 (2.6-53.0) | 0.096 |
1-year | 85.0 (60.4-94.9) | 60.0 (29.0-81.0) | 0.607 |
3-year | 72.9 (46.2-87.8) | 34.3 (10.8-59.8) | 0.002a |
5-year | 40.5 (9.3-70.9) | 22.9 (4.3-50.1) | 0.070 |
- Citation: Chan KS, Liu B, Tan MNA, How KY, Wong KY. Feasibility and safety of minimally invasive multivisceral resection for T4b rectal cancer: A 9-year review. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16(3): 777-789
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v16/i3/777.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v16.i3.777