Clinical observation of extraction-site incisional hernia after laparoscopic colorectal surgery

Table 1 Comparison of patient demographics, characteristics, and comorbidities among groups, n (%)

Variable	Infraumbilical midline incision group (n = 923)	Supraumbilical midline incision group (n = 303)	Umbilical incision group (n = 171)	Off-midline incision group (n = 217)	χ2	P value
Gender					3.837	0.280
Male	536 (58.1)	162 (53.5)	94 (55.0)	133 (61.3)
Female	387 (41.9)	141 (46.5)	77 (45.0)	84 (38.7)
Incision length	4.44 ± 2.85	5.16 ± 3.73	4.07 ± 0.91	4.76 ± 1.29	1.305	0.185
Age, > 60 yr	527 (57.1)	167 (55.1)	84 (49.1)	134 (61.8)	6.591	0.086
Obesity, BMI > 30 kg/m2	42 (4.6)	19 (6.3)	09 (5.3)	07 (3.2)	2.830	0.419
Diabetes	123 (13.3)	50 (16.5)	31 (18.1)	36 (16.6)	4.317	0.229
Anemia	73 (7.9)	51 (16.8)	34 (19.9)	18 (8.3)	35.191	< 0.001
Hypoproteinemia	64 (19.0)	30(3.4)	05(2.9)	08 (3.7)	105.238	< 0.001
Chronic cough	326 (35.3)	109 (36.0)	75 (43.9)	72 (33.2)	5.513	0.138
Radiotherapy	395 (42.8)	120 (39.6)	75 (43.9)	77 (35.5)	4.699	0.195
Incision infection	02 (0.2)	03 (1.0)	01 (0.6)	02 (0.9)	4.708	0.119

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of the rate of incisional hernia, n (%)

	IH	Non-IH	Total	χ2	P value
Supraumbilical midline incision group	08 (2.6)	295 (97.4)	303	24.985	< 0.001
Infraumbilical midline incision group	20 (2.2)	903 (97.8)	923
Umbilical incision group	05 (2.9)	166 (97.1)	171
Off-midline incision group	19 (8.8)	198 (91.2)	217

IH: Incisional hernia.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of factors associated with incisional hernia at the extraction site, n (%)

Variable	Control group (n = 1562)	Case group (n = 52)	OR	P value
Age, > 60 yr	873 (55.9)	39 (75.0)	0.422	0.008
Gender, male	657 (42.1)	32 (61.5)	0.454	0.006
Obesity, BMI > 30 kg/m2	70 (4.5)	08 (15.4)	0.258	0.001
Chronic cough	554 (35.5)	28 (53.8)	0.471	0.008
Diabetes	226 (14.5)	14 (26.9)	0.459	0.015
Anemia, < 90 g/L	166 (10.6)	10 (19.2)	0.499	0.055
Hypoproteinemia, < 35 g/L	74 (4.7)	33 (63.5)	0.029	< 0.001
Paramedian incision	198 (12.7)	19 (36.5)	0.252	< 0.001
Incision infection	05 (0.3)	03 (5.8)	0.052	< 0.001
Radiotherapy	645 (41.3)	22 (42.3)	0.959	0.884

OR: Odds ratio; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of factors associated with risk of extraction-site incisional hernia

Variable	B	SE	Wald	OR	P value	95%CI
Age, > 60 yr	-1.713	0.442	15.011	0.186	< 0.001	0.074-0.469
Gender, male	-0.997	0.367	7.388	0.316	0.006	0.175-0.746
Obesity, BMI > 30 kg/m2	-3.741	0.635	34.656	0.024	< 0.001	0.007-0.083
Chronic cough	-0.857	0.364	5.530	0.412	0.017	0.199-0.852
Hypoproteinemia, < 35 g/L	-4.762	0.451	111.466	0.009	< 0.001	0.004-0.022
Paramedian incision	-2.107	0.426	24.504	0.121	< 0.001	0.053-0.280
Incision infection	-3.379	0.898	14.161	0.023	< 0.001	0.005-0.180

CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index.