Laparoscopic cholecystectomy plus common bile duct exploration for extrahepatic bile duct stones and postoperative recurrence-associated risk factors

Table 1 Baseline data

	Control group (n = 40)	Observation group (n = 42)	χ2	P value
Sex
Male	18	17
Female	22	25	0.171	0.679
Age
≤ 65 years old	12	16
> 65 years old	28	26	0.597	0.440
Stone diameter
≤ 10 mm	19	24
> 10 mm	21	18	0.764	0.382
Number of stones
Single	30	28
Multiple	10	14	0.687	0.407
Disease course
≤ 2 years	25	21
> 2 years	15	21	1.300	0.254
Sphincter of Oddi function
Normal	28	32
Abnormal	12	10	0.400	0.527

Table 2 Surgical outcomes

	Stone residual	Operation time (min)	Intraoperative bleeding (mL)
Control group (n = 40)	7	171.25 ± 48.51	52.05 ± 72.34
Observation group (n = 42)	2	144.24 ± 47.89	20.60 ± 16.94
t/χ2	3.402	2.537	2.741
P value	0.065	0.013	0.008

Table 3 Postoperative complications

	Bile leakage	Abdominal pain	Biliary tract infection	Diarrhea	Gastrointestinal bleeding	Total
Control group (n = 40)	2	5	3	3	1	14
Observation group (n = 42)	0	2	1	1	0	4
χ2						7.761
P value						0.005

Table 4 Results of univariate analysis

	Recurrence group (n = 13)	Non-recurrence group (n = 69)	χ2	P value
Sex
Male	6	29
Female	7	40	0.076	0.783
Age
≤ 65 years old	3	36
> 65 years old	10	33	3.713	0.054
Stone diameter
≤ 10 mm	6	39
> 10 mm	7	30	0.475	0.491
Number of stones
Single	6	36
Multiple	7	33	0.159	0.690
Disease course
≤ 2 years	11	46
> 2 years	2	23	1.663	0.197
Sphincter of Oddi function
Normal	5	53
Abnormal	8	16	7.771	0.005
Treatment scheme
Open choledocholithotomy plus laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy	10	30
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy plus common bile duct exploration	3	39	4.897	0.027

Table 5 Assignment table

Variable	Assignment
Sphincter of Oddi function	Normal = 0, abnormal = 1
Treatment scheme	Open choledocholithotomy plus laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy = 1, laparoscopic cholecystectomy plus common bile duct exploration = 0

Table 6 Results of multivariate analysis

	Estimate	Std Error	P value	OR	Lower 95%CI	Upper 95%CI
Sphincter of Oddi function	1.743	0.643	0.007	5.712	1.620	20.143
Treatment scheme	1.913	0.726	0.008	6.771	1.631	28.102

OR: Odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval.