Effect of surgical timing on postoperative outcomes in patients with acute cholecystitis after delayed percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the two groups before percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage, mean ± SD

Variables	Early LC group (n = 32)	Delayed LC group (n = 36)	P value
Sex (male/female)	18/14	20/16	0.954
Age (years)	65.4 ± 15.2	62.1 ± 17.3	0.823
BMI (kg/m2)	25.26 ± 4.28	24.36 ± 3.19	0.428
Etiology (with/without stone)	30/2	35/1	0.486
Grade of AC (II/III)	14/18	23/13	0.096
CCI (< 4/≥ 4)	15/17	14/22	0.506
ASA-PS class (< 3/≥ 3)	12/20	16/20	0.561
Time from symptom onset to PTGBD (days)	8.9 ± 1.1	9.2 ± 1.3	0.748

PTGBD: Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage; LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; BMI: Body Mass Index; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; ASA-PS: American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status.

Table 2 Indications for percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage catheterization in the patient groups, n (%)

Indications	Early LC group	Delayed LC group	P value
Septic shock	14 (43.8)	12 (33)	0.378
Gallbladder perforation	10 (31.3)	11 (30.6)	0.951
Progressive abdominal pain	5 (15.6)	8 (22.2)	0.490
Persistent high fever	2 (6.3)	3 (8.3)	0.743
Sepsis	1 (3.1)	2 (5.6)	0.626
Cardiovascular dysfunction	5 (15.6)	7 (19.4)	0.680
Neurological dysfunction	0 (0)	1 (2.7)	0.342
Respiratory dysfunction	6 (18.8)	11 (30.6)	0.262
Liver or kidney dysfunction	8 (25)	5 (13.0)	0.245
Coagulation disorders	1 (3.1)	0 (0)	0.285

LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Table 3 Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage catheterization complications in the patient groups, n (%)

Complications	Early LC group	Delayed LC group	P value
Catheter detachment	2 (6.3)	1 (2.8)	0.486
Bile leakage	2 (6.3)	2 (5.6)	0.903
Biliary peritonitis	1 (3.1)	1 (2.8)	0.933
Infection	0 (0.0)	1 (2.8)	0.342
Hemorrhage	1 (3.1)	0 (0.0)	0.285

LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Table 4 Surgical outcomes between the two groups of patients after PTGBD, mean ± SD

Outcome measures	Early LC group (n = 32)	Delayed LC group (n = 36)	P value
LC surgery time (minute)	108.3 ± 14.2	90.2 ± 12.2	< 0.001
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	15.4 ± 5.1	16.0 ± 4.3	0.474
Operation (LC/ laparotomy)	21/11	32/4	0.021
Degree of adhesions (mild/severe)	20/12	33/3	0.004
Number of complications	9	2	0.012
Surgical site infection	3	1	0.248
Bile leakage	2	1	0.486
Hemorrhage	2	0	0.128
Pulmonary infection	1	0	0.285
Hyperamylasemia	1	0	0.285
Abdominal drainage tube placement time (day)	1.9 ± 0.7	2.0 ± 0.7	0.378
Postoperative hospital stay	9.1 ± 4.1	3.0 ± 0.9	< 0.001
PTGBD drainage tube placement time (day)	10.8 ± 1.6	19.8 ± 4.0	< 0.001
Pain index (0-10)	3.3 ± 1.3	3.7 ± 1.1	0.083
Patient satisfaction (%)	80.5 ± 11.5	85.3 ± 9.8	0.028
Total disease duration (day)	32.1 ± 5.3	33.2 ± 5.1	0.125
Total treatment costs (Yuan)	23570.9 ± 4996.1	21144.7 ± 2065.5	0.002

PTGBD: Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage; LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.