Single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair in the treatment of adult female patients with inguinal hernia

Table 1 Patients and inguinal hernias characteristics

Variables	SILS-TAPP (n = 71)	CL-TAPP (n = 52)	Total (n = 123)	P value
Age, median (IQR), yr	46 (41-53)	47 (42-53)	46 (42-53)	0.393
ASA, n (%)				0.396
I	44 (62)	38 (73.1)	82 (66.7)
II	21 (29.6)	10 (19.2)	31 (25.2)
III and IV	6 (8.5)	4 (7.7)	10 (8.1)
BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2	22.46 (20.93-22.95)	22.35 (21.76-23.06)	22.43 (21.58-22.95)	0.486
Number of hernias, n (%)				0.320
Unilateral	62 (87.3)	42 (80.8)	104 (84.6)
Bilateral	9 (12.7)	10 (19.2)	19 (15.4)
Type of hernias, n (%)				0.961
Direct	10 (14.1)	6 (11.5)	16 (13)
Indirect	57 (80.3)	44 (84.6)	101 (82.1)
Femoral	2 (2.8)	1 (1.9)	3 (2.4)
Mixed	2 (2.8)	1 (1.9)	3 (2.4)
Site of hernias, n (%)				0.231
Left	30 (42.3)	25 (48.1)	55 (44.7)
Right	33 (46.5)	17 (32.7)	50 (40.7)
Bilateral	8 (11.3)	10 (19.2)	18 (14.6)
Primary/recurrent hernias, n (%)				0.240
Primary	69 (97.2)	48 (92.3)	117 (95.1)
Recurrent	2 (2.8)	4 (7.7)	6 (4.9)
Size of internal inguinal ring, n (%)				0.162
< 2 cm	39 (54.9)	20 (38.5)	59 (48)
2-4 cm	24 (33.8)	26 (50)	50 (40.7)
> 4 cm	8 (11.3)	6 (11.5)	14 (11.4)
Previous lower abdominal surgery, n (%)				0.338
Yes	8 (11.3)	9 (17.3)	17 (13.8)
No	63 (88.7)	43 (82.7)	106 (86.2)

SIL-TAPP: Single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty; CL-TAPP: Conventional laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty; IQR: Interquartile range; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: The American Society of Anesthesiologists classification.

Table 2 Surgery and hospitalization information

Variables	SILS-TAPP (n = 71)	CL-TAPP (n = 52)	Total (n = 123)	P value
Operating time, median (IQR), min	32 (29-35)	33.5 (30-39.5)	33 (30-36)	0.073
Vascular injury caused by trocar, n (%)	0 (0)	4 (7.7)	4 (3.3)	0.030
Intraoperative nerve injury in the inguinal region, n (%)	2 (2.8)	1 (1.9)	3(2.4)	1.000
Intraoperative adjacent organ injury, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
Postoperative pain within 24 h (VAS score > 3), n (%)	6 (8.5)	5 (9.6)	11 (8.9)	1.000
Postoperative hospital stays, median (IQR), d	1 (1-2)	1 (1-2)	1 (1-2)	0.918
Hospitalization costs (USD)	3287 (3218-3325)	3511 (3491-3559)	3375 (3277-3508)	< 0.001

SIL-TAPP: Single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty; CL-TAPP: Conventional laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty; IQR: Interquartile range; VAS: Visual analogue scale.

Table 3 Postoperative complications and cosmetic scores

Variables	SILS-TAPP (n = 71)	CL-TAPP (n = 52)	Total (n = 123)	P value
Seroma, n (%)	4 (5.6)	1 (1.9)	5 (4.1)	0.395
Recurrence, n (%)	0 (0)	2 (3.8)	2 (1.6)	0.177
Mesh infection, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0.0)	1.000
Trocar site hernia, n (%)	0 (0)	4 (7.7)	4 (3.3)	0.030
Chronic pain, n (%)	3 (4.2)	4 (7.7)	7 (5.7)	0.455
Labia majora edema, n (%)	3 (4.2)	1 (1.9)	4 (3.3)	0.637
Abnormal sensation in the perineal area, n (%)	1 (1.4)	0 (0)	1 (0.8)	1.000
Uterine prolapse, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
Fertility abnormalities, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
Cosmetic scores (on a scale of 1-10), median (IQR)	10 (10-10)	9 (9-10)	10 (9-10)	< 0.001

SIL-TAPP: Single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty; CL-TAPP: Conventional laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty; IQR: Interquartile range.