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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Sep 27, 2023; 15(9): 1879-1891
Published online Sep 27, 2023. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i9.1879
Published online Sep 27, 2023. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i9.1879
Table 1 Demographic data of observational studies on abdominal compartment syndrome with acute pancreatitis
Ref. | Country of origin | Type of study | Number of patients with ACS/total studied patients | Etiology of acute pancreatitis, n (%) | Age (yr), mean ± SD, median (IQR) | Female, n (%) |
Husu et al[22], 2021 | Finland | Retrospective matched-case control | OA: 40/47 (85.1%). CG: 21/47 (44.7%) | Alcohol: 85% (OA), 72% (CG). Biliary: 4.3% (OA), 14.9% (CG). HTG: 4.3% (OA), 2.1% (CG) | OA: 49 (27-82). CG: 50 (18-78) | OA: 10.6%. CG: 12.8% |
Smit et al[12], 2016 | Netherlands | Retrospective | 13/29 (44.8%) | Biliary: 40.7%. Alcohol: 22% | 55 ± 15 | 3 (23%) |
Peng et al[11], 2016 | China | Retrospective | 273/273 (100%) | Biliary: 41%. Alcohol: 30%. Post ERCP: 10% | 46 (17-78) | 26 (42.6%) |
Davis et al[14], 2013 | Canada | Retrospective | 16/45 (35.6%) | Biliary: 53%. Alcohol: 26.7% | 59 ± 13 | 9 (20%) |
Boone et al[15], 2013 | United States | Retrospective | 12/12 (100%) | Biliary: 41.7%. Alcohol: 33.3% | 56 ± 13 | 1 (8.3%) |
Leppäniemi et al[16], 2011 | Finland | Retrospective | 10/10 (100%) | Alcohol: 9 (90%). Drug: 1 (10%) | 46 (33-61) | 1 (10%) |
Deng et al[17], 2011 | China | Retrospective | 8/8 (100%) | Alcohol: 8/8 | 51.5 (35-66) | 2 (25%) |
Mentula et al[18], 2010 | Finland | Retrospective | 26/26 (100%) | Alcohol: 81%. Drug: 8%. Post ERCP: 4% | 42 (35-49) | 3 (11.5%) |
Chen et al[19], 2008 | China | Retrospective | 20/44 (45.5%) | Biliary: 59.1%. Alcohol: 11.4%. HTG: 15.9% | 62.6 ± 11.1 | 21 (47.7%) |
De Waele et al[20], 2005 | Belgium | Prospective | 21/44 (47.7%) | Biliary: 33%. Alcohol: 38%. HTG: 14% | 53 (45-68) | 16 (45.5%) |
Tao et al[21], 2003 | China | Retrospective | 23/23 (100%) | NA | 41(31-71) | 7 (33%) |
Table 2 Demographic data of case reports or case series on abdominal compartment syndrome with acute pancreatitis
Ref. | Origin of study | Age (yr)/sex | Etiology of acute pancreatitis | Cumulative fluid balance after 24 h (mL) | Cumulative fluid balance after 48 h (mL) | IAP (mmHg) at diagnosis, after decompression | Organ support |
Kawasaki et al[23], 2022 | Japan | 42/female | Alcohol-use | 10000 | NA | 52, 30 | Mechanical ventilation, RRT |
Lee et al[27], 2019 | Australia | 38/male | Alcohol-use | 6000 | 28, NA | Mechanical ventilation, vasopressors | |
Ikeda et al[28], 2019 | Japan | 65/female | Biliary | NA | NA | 22, NA | Mechanical ventilation, vasopressors |
McKenzie et al[31], 2017 | United States | 45/male | Biliary | NA | NA | > 20, NA | RRT, mechanical ventilation |
Simoneau et al[30], 2014 | Canada | 67/male | Biliary | NA | NA | NA | Mechanical ventilation |
Jacob et al[29], 2016 | Australia | 30/male | Alcohol-use | 3930 | 3600 | 31, NA | RRT, mechanical ventilation, vasopressors |
Jacob et al[29], 2016 | Australia | 40/male | Alcohol-use | 4400 | 3600 | 33, NA | RRT, mechanical ventilation, vasopressors |
Jacob et al[29], 2016 | Australia | 32/female | Alcohol-use | 4560 | 3700 | 28, NA | Mechanical ventilation, vasopressors |
Jacob et al[29], 2016 | Australia | 42/male | Alcohol-use | 2500 | 7500 | 30, NA | RRT, mechanical ventilation, vasopressors |
Jacob et al[29], 2016 | Australia | 28/male | Alcohol-use | 4200 | 3650 | 28, NA | Mechanical ventilation, vasopressors |
Siebig et al[25], 2008 | Germany | 56/male | Other | NA | NA | NA | Mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, ECMO |
Siebig et al[25], 2008 | Germany | 49/male | Biliary | 10000 | 7000 | > 25, NA | Mechanical ventilation |
Siebig et al[25], 2008 | Germany | 74/female | Post-surgery | NA | NA | > 20, NA | Mechanical ventilation |
De Waele et al[26], 2005 | Belgium | 37/male | Alcohol-use | NA | NA | 27, NA | Mechanical ventilation |
Hu et al[24], 2013 | China | 27/male | Biliary | NA | NA | 26, 15 | Mechanical ventilation |
Hu et al[24], 2013 | China | 60/female | HTG | NA | NA | 25, 17 | Mechanical ventilation |
Hu et al[24], 2013 | China | 45/female | HTG | NA | NA | 22, 14 | Mechanical ventilation |
Table 3 Outcomes data from observational studies on abdominal compartment syndrome with acute pancreatitis
Ref. | IAP (mmHg), mean ± SD (range) | Organ dysfunction | Surgical decompression, including type of surgery | Time to intervention from hospitalization, diagnosis of ACS | Outcome | Post-decompressions complications | |
Pre-surgery | Post-surgery | ||||||
Husu et al[22], 2021 | OA: 24 ± 4. CG: 21 ± 5 | NA | SOFA: OA: 13 (11-14); CG: 12 (10-15). APACHE II: OA: 23 (17-29); CG: 18 (15-26) | ML in OA: 47/47 (100%) | 60 (36-175) h, NA | 90 d. mortality: OA: 19/40 (48%); CG: 3/21 (14%) | |
Smit et al[12], 2016 | 27 ± 3 | 18 ± 4 | 13/13 (100%). AKI: 100%. Respiratory failure: 100%. Shock: 100% | 10 (76.9%). ML: 3 (33%). Subcostal full-thickness laparostomy: 7 (67%) | 13.4 ± 6.5 d, 12 (2-176) h | Mortality: 7 (53.8%). LOS ICU: 48 d. GI ischemia: 61.5% | Bowel perforation or fistula: 46.2% |
Peng et al[11], 2016 | PCD: 31 (20-44). ML: 34 (20-51) | PCD: 19 (3-40). ML: 15 (2-24) | SOFA: PCD-11(2-23), ML-10 (3-24), decreased to 9 (2-24) and 9 (3-24) | ML: 61/273 (22.3%). PCD: 212/273 (77.7%) | PCD: 61 (2-101) h. ML: 64 (5-95) h | Mortality: PCD: 40 (19%); ML: 32 (52%). LOS hospital: 125 (21-627) d. LOS ICU: PCD: 14 d, ML: 21 d. Subsequent necrosectomy in PCD: 160 (75%), ML: 49 (80%) | Hepatic/portal/superior mesenteric vein/splanchnic vein thrombosis: ML: 3.2%, PCD: 0.9%. Bleeding: ML: 11.4%, PCD: 3.8%. Fistula: ML: 24.6%, PCD:18.4% |
Davis et al[14], 2013 | 29.5 | NA | AKI: 5 (31.3%). Respiratory failure: 11 (68.8%) | 16 (35.6%). ML: 100% | NA, 3.1 h | Mortality: 4 (25%). LOS hospital: 146 d | Fistula: 62.5%. Wound infection: 62.5%. Incisional Hernia: 50% |
Boone et al[15], 2013 | 42 | NA | Mean APACHE: 23.3. Mean ranson: 9 | 12 (100%). ML: 12 (100%) | < 7 d in 9 patients, NA | Mortality: 6 (50%). Among survivors: LOS ICU: 37 ± 13 d; LOS hospital: 40.5 ± 25.2 d; IMV: 28 ± 11.4 d | Infection: 16%. Fistula: 16% |
Leppäniemi et al[16], 2011 | 31 (23-45) | 11 (1-20) | Mean SOFA: 12 (14-17) | Subcutaneous linea alba fasciotomy: 10 (100%). Subsequently, four required completion laparostomy | 1-17 d (in 6 cases: < 48 h), NA | Mortality: 4 (40%). LOS hospital: 35 d; LOS ICU: 26 d | Hernia: 30%. Bleeding: 20%. Wound infection: 10%. Fistula: 10% |
Deng et al[17], 2011 | 29 (23-38) | 7.5 (6-18) | Resp failure: 8 (100%). AKI: 7 (87.5%). Hepatic: 7 (87.5%). Shock- 8 (100%) | 8 (100%). ML plus continuous regional arterial infusion with protease inhibitors and antibiotics via a drug delivery system | 3-9 d, NA | Mortality: 1(12.5%), LOS-ICU: 41 d, LOS-hospital- 117 d | Not mentioned |
Mentula et al[18], 2010 | 31.5 (27-35) | NA | Resp failure: 24 (92%). AKI: 14 (54%). Shock: 23 (88%). Liver: 2 (8%) | 26 (100%). ML: 18 (69.2%). Bilateral subcostal laparostomy: 1 (3.8%). SLAF: 7, 2/7 finally laparostomy | 1 (0-29) d, NA | Mortality: 12/26 (46.2%) | Intrabdominal infection: 73%. Fistula: 19% |
Chen et al[19], 2008 | 36.7 ± 5.3 | 18.3 ± 3.3 | MODS: 18 (90%). Shock: 14 (70%) | 8 (65%). PCD: 5 (25%). ML: 5 (25%). Combined: 3 (15%) | NA, 28.38 ± 2.29 h | Mortality: 15/20 (75%) | No complications reported |
De Waele et al[20], 2005 | > 25 | NA | Resp failure: 20 (98%). AKI: 18 (86%). Shock: 19 (94%) | ML: 4/21. Indication for surgery: ACS: 4 (44.4%) | 3, < 24 h | Mortality: 3/4 (75%). LOS ICU: 21 (10-37) d. LOS hospital: 42 (20-90) d. IMV: 15 (12.6) d | No complications reported |
Tao et al[21], 2003 | > 20 | NA | Resp. failure: 100%. Shock: 100% | 18/23 (78.2%). ML with drainage: 100% | NA, 5-22 h | Mortality: 3/18 (16.7%). Definitive closures 3-5 d | Hemorrhage: 42%. Abscess: 19.2%. Perforation/fistula: 3.8% |
Table 4 Demographic data of case reports or case series on abdominal compartment syndrome with acute pancreatitis
Ref. | Type of surgery | Timing of the laparotomy from the diagnosis or admission | Abdomen closed after laparotomy | Management of open abdomen | Duration of open abdomen (d) | Outcome | Duration of ICU stay (d) | Duration of hospital stay (d) | Complications |
Kawasaki et al[23], 2022 | Midline fasciotomy | 4 d | No | VAC | 7 | Alive | 29 | 53 | None |
Lee et al[27], 2019 | Midline laparotomy | 24 h | No | VAC | 75 | Alive | 44 | 121 | None |
Ikeda et al[28], 2019 | Midline laparotomy | 4 h | No | Open with mesh | 2 | Alive | NA | 104 | None |
McKenzie et al[31], 2017 | Midline laparotomy | 24 h | No | VAC | 10 | Alive | NA | NA | None |
Jacob et al[29], 2016 | Midline laparotomy | 5 h | No | VAC | 21 | Alive | NA | 35 | Pancreatic fistula: 4 (80%) |
Jacob et al[29], 2016 | Midline laparotomy | 1 d | No | VAC | 18 | Alive | NA | 54 | |
Jacob et al[29], 2016 | Midline laparotomy | 4 d | No | VAC | 15 | Alive | 22 | 43 | |
Jacob et al[29], 2016 | Midline laparotomy | 2 d | No | VAC | 18 | Alive | 30 | 49 | |
Jacob et al[29], 2016 | Midline laparotomy | 2 d | No | VAC | 10 | Alive | 32 | 62 | |
Simoneau et al[30], 2014 | Midline laparotomy | 12 h | No | VAC and vicryl mesh | 210 | Alive | 210 | 300 | Pancreatic fistula |
Hu et al[24], 2013 | Transverse laparotomy | NA | NA | NA | NA | Alive | NA | 71 | None |
Hu et al[24], 2013 | Transverse laparotomy | NA | NA | NA | NA | Alive | NA | 54 | None |
Hu et al[24], 2013 | Transverse laparotomy | NA | NA | NA | NA | Alive | NA | 31 | None |
Siebig et al[25], 2008 | Midline laparotomy | 1 d | Yes | NA | NA | Alive | NA | NA | None |
Siebig et al[25], 2008 | Midline laparotomy | 1 d | No | VAC | NA | Death | NA | NA | Lung hemorrhage |
Siebig et al[25], 2008 | Midline laparotomy | < 24 h | No | VAC | 90 | Alive | NA | NA | None |
De Waele et al[26], 2005 | Midline laparotomy | 24 h | No | VAC | 29 | Alive | NA | NA | Intraabdominal infection |
- Citation: Nasa P, Chanchalani G, Juneja D, Malbrain ML. Surgical decompression for the management of abdominal compartment syndrome with severe acute pancreatitis: A narrative review. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15(9): 1879-1891
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v15/i9/1879.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v15.i9.1879