Advances and challenges of gastrostomy insertion in children

Table 1 Characteristics of different gastrostomy placement techniques

Parameters compared	PEG	PEG push technique	PIG	LAG	LAPEG	Open Gastrostomy
Operation under general anesthesia	Yes (occasionally under sedation)	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Blind puncture through the abdominal cavity	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Gastropexy	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Pneumoperitoneum	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Invasiveness, number of transabdominal wall wounds	1	1	1	3	2	Incision, midline or subcoastal
Cosmetics; number of scars on abdominal wall	0	0	0	2	1	1 (incision)
Repeat general anesthesia/sedation for tube change	Yes	No	No	No	No	No

PEG: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; LAG: Laparoscopic-assisted gastrostomy; LAPEG: Laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; PIG: Percutaneous image guided gastrostomy.