Changing trends in gastric and colorectal cancer among surgical patients over 85 years old: A multicenter retrospective study, 2001–2021

Table 1 Anatomical distribution of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer between 2001 and 2021, n (%)

Tumor location		Period 1 (n = 18)	Period 2 (n = 23)	Period 3 (n = 40)	Period 4 (n = 137)
GC	The cardia or gastroesophageal, junction (n = 58)	3 (16.67%)	5 (21.74)	16 (40.00)	34 (24.82)
	Stomach body (n = 50)	5 (27.78)	10 (43.48)	7 (17.50)	28 (20.44)
	Gastric antrum (n = 91)	10 (55.55)	7 (30.43)	8 (20.00)	66 (48.18)
	Whole stomach (n = 19)	0	1 (4.35)	9 (22.50)	9 (6.56)
Tumor location		Period 1 (n = 38)	Period 2 (n = 64)	Period 3 (n = 154)	Period 4 (n = 307)
CRC	Ileocecal region (n = 28)	2 (5.25)	2 (3.13)	3 (1.95)	21 (6.84)
	Ascending colon or the hepatic, curvature of the colon (n = 28)	0	3 (4.69)	7 (4.55)	18 (5.86)
	Transverse colon (n = 28)	1 (2.63)	6 (9.37)	10 (6.49)	11 (3.58)
	Splenic or descending colon (n = 19)	1 (2.63)	4 (6.25)	3 (1.95)	11 (3.58)
	Sigmoid colon (n = 149)	17 (44.75)	23 (35.94)	30 (19.48)	79 (25.74)
	Uppermost segmzent of the rectum (n = 181)	10 (26.32)	16 (25.00)	60 (38.96)	95 (30.94)
	Lower segment of the rectum (n = 130)	7 (18.42)	10 (15.62)	41 (26.62)	72 (23.46)

GC: Gastric cancer; CRC: Colorectal cancer.

Table 2 Patients’ characteristics and perisurgical outcomes

	GC (n = 218)	CRC (n = 563)
Age (yr)	85-95	85-96
Sex (male/female)	177/41	441/122
hospital stay	19.45 ± 7.22	15.61 ± 6.07
(Post-operation, d)
Comorbidity
Hypertension	194	510
Respiratory disease	17	50
Diabetes mellitus	29	61
ASA stage
I	11	25
II	144	416
III	55	103
Missed	8	19
Procedure
Open	204	304
Laparoscopy	14	219
Lymphadenectomy
Limited	76	120
Radical	142	443
Resection
R0	197	471
R1	21	92
Number of resected LN	12.78 ± 5.33	11.44 ± 6.17
Operative time (mins)	155.04 ± 69.52	129.90 ± 47.76
Blood transfusion	148	157
Tumor size (cm)	3.24 ± 2.03	4.37 ± 2.10
Differentiation
High	29	48
Middle	68	118
Low	121	397
TNM stage
I	65	73
II	68	384
III	85	106

GC: Gastric cancer; CRC: Colorectal cancer; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists:

Table 3 Changes in postoperative complications, n (%)

	Period 1 (n = 56)	Period 2 (n = 87)	Period 3 (n = 194)	Period 4 (n = 444)	P value1
Postoperative complications	56 (100)	80 (91.95)	182 (93.81)	373 (84.01)	< 0.01
Pulmonary	9 (16.07)	28 (35.00)	73 (40.12)	182 (48.79)
complications
Pleural effusion	9 (16.07)	8 (10.00)	25 (13.74)	39 (10.46)
Intra-abdominal infection	6 (10.71)	6 (7.50)	17 (9.34)	30 (8.04)
Intra-abdominal hemorrhage	6 (10.71)	4 (5.00)	11 (6.04)	21 (5.64)
Leakage	15 (26.79)	16 (20.00)	28 (15.38)	35 (9.38)
Wound infection	8 (14.30)	9 (11.25)	13 (7.14)	33 (8.845)
Others2	3 (5.35)	9 (11.25)	15 (8.24)	33 (8.845)
Operative mortality3	18 (32.14)	17 (19.54)	29 (14.95)	40 (9.01)	< 0.01

¹Comparisons were performed with χ² test for categorical variables.

²Others include chest hemorrhage, pancreatitis, cardiocerebral events, venous thrombosis and someone who has multiple complications at the same time.

³Operative mortality was any death, regardless of cause, occurring less than 30 days after surgery in or out of the hospital and more than 30 days, during the same hospitalization, after the operation.