Effects of ultrasound monitoring of gastric residual volume on feeding complications, caloric intake and prognosis of patients with severe mechanical ventilation

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants: Comparisons of the 2 groups, n (%)

Item	< 250 mL (n = 451)	≥ 250 mL (n = 62)	t/χ2	P value
Gender			0.8022	0.371
Female	184 (40.8)	29 (46.8)
Male	267 (59.2)	33 (53.2)
Age (yr)	53.04 ± 3.9	53.92 ± 4.29	1.6521	0.099
BMI	20.39 ± 2.5	20.87 ± 2.49	1.4201	0.156
APACHE II	16.39 ± 2.44	16.71 ± 2.41	0.9821	0.327
SOFA	3.51 ± 0.53	3.47 ± 0.5	0.5871	0.557
Acute cerebrovascular accident	133 (29.5)	23 (37.1)	1.4902	0.222
Acute pneumonia	84 (18.6)	9 (14.5)	0.6202	0.431
Acute heart failure	122 (27.1)	14 (22.6)	0.5592	0.455
Craniocerebral injury	112 (24.8)	16 (25.8)	0.0282	0.868
Other	20 (4.4)	3 (4.8)	0.0212	0.885
Hypertension	271 (60.1)	45 (72.6)	3.5961	0.058
Diabetes	106 (23.5)	12 (19.4)	0.5302	0.467
Coronary heart disease	161 (35.7)	23 (37.1)	0.0462	0.830

¹Independent samples t test.

²Chi-square test.

BMI: Body mass index; APACHE II: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment.

Table 2 Comparisons of medication and complications between the groups, n (%)

Item	< 250 mL (n = 451)	≥ 250 mL (n = 62)	χ2	P value
Sedative drug use rate	135 (29.9)	30 (48.4)	8.507	0.004
Analgesic drug use rate	113 (25.1)	24 (38.7)	5.192	0.023
Abdominal distention	83 (18.4)	13 (21.0)	0.236	0.627
Diarrhea	108 (23.9)	20 (32.3)	2.011	1.156
Vomit	18 (4.0)	4 (6.5)	2.382	0.336

Table 3 Comparisons of prognostic outcomes between the groups, n (%)

Item	< 250 mL (n = 451)	≥ 250 mL (n = 62)	χ2	P value
Mechanical ventilation time, d	18.30 ± 4.56	17.56 ± 5.04	1.1741	0.241
Days to reach feeding target, d	5.01 ± 0.32	6.02 ± 0.95	16.7791	0.000
ICU hospitalization days, d	19.87 ± 4.64	19.19 ± 5.19	1.0591	0.290
Mortality	94 (20.8)	14 (22.6)	0.0992	0.753

¹Independent samples t test.

²Chi-square test.

Table 4 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for death

Related factor	β	SE	χ2	P value	OR	95%CI
≥ 250 mL	0.031	0.338	0.008	0.928	1.031	0.532-2.000
Sedatives	0.082	0.678	0.015	0.903	0.921	0.244-3.481
Analgesics	0.229	0.231	0.984	0.321	0.795	0.505-1.251
Time to reach feeding target	1.186	0.311	5.659	0.039	1.205	0.655-2.217
Constant	-1.240	1.042	1.417	0.234	0.289

Table 5 Linear regression analysis of risk factors for length of stay in the intensive care unit

Related factor	β	SE	t	P value
≥ 250 mL	-0.634	0.659	-0.963	0.336
Sedatives	-0.307	1.340	-0.229	0.819
Analgesics	0.324	0.452	0.717	0.474
Time to reach feeding target	-1.393	0.613	-3.641	0.034
Constant	20.608	1.268	16.252	0.000