Efficacy and outcome of extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage plus surgery vs surgery alone with advanced gastric cancer patients

Table 1 The baseline characteristic analysis of the patients

Variables	Non-EIPL group, n = 75	EIPL group, n = 75	P value
Age in yr	66.93 ± 9.38	64.55 ± 8.22	0.099
Sex			0.200
Male	51	58
Female	24	17
BMI in kg/m2	21.51 ± 2.29	21.64 ± 3.34	0.786
Smoking status			0.373
Yes	55	50
No	20	25
Tumor location			0.260
Upper	21	14
Middle	11	17
Low	43	44
Differentiated grade			0.121
High	0	0
Middle	55	45
Low	20	30
T stage			0.405
T3	4	2
T4	71	73
N stage			0.112
N0	13	24
N1	18	12
N2	14	17
N3	30	22
Tumor size in cm	5.52 ± 2.21	5.37 ± 2.32	0.671
Borrmann classification			0.100
II	7	14
III	68	61
CEA in g/L	16.21 ± 78.06	14.13 ± 35.88	0.834
Neutrophil count as 109/L	3.49 ± 1.32	4.71 ± 8.39	0.215
Lymphocyte count as 109/L	1.35 ± 0.47	1.76 ± 2.48	0.164
NLR	3.02 ± 1.96	3.03 ± 2.20	0.989
Platelet as 109/L	202.52 ± 61.39	226.19 ± 90.94	0.064

BMI: Body mass index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; EIPL: Extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage; NLR: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio.

Table 2 Outcomes after surgery

Variables	Non-EIPL group, n = 75	EIPL group, n = 75	P value
Type of surgery			0.242
Total	55	61
Distal	20	14
Time, surgery to first flatus in d	4.19 ± 0.99	3.95 ± 0.87	0.108
Postoperative hospital stay in d	15.26 ± 3.10	14.48 ± 1.97	0.072
Abdominal pain	10/75	5/75	0.174
Ileus	15/75	3/75	0.003
Abdominal abscess	9/75	1/75	0.009
Leakage	5/75	2/75	0.246
Bleeding	6/75	3/75	0.302
Neutrophil count as 109/L	10.36 ± 3.32	10.03 ± 3.56	0.552
Lymphocyte cell as 109/L	1.02 ± 0.63	1.00 ± 0.60	0.817
NLR	13.48 ± 8.55	11.87 ± 5.22	0.169
Platelet as 109/L	171.00 ± 59.98	179.73 ± 60.38	0.381

EIPL: Extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage; NLR: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of overall survival

Variable	β	HR (95%CI)	P value
Sex	0.514	1.671 (0.983-2.841)	0.058
Age	0.024	1.025 (0.994-1.056)	0.114
EIPL/Non-EIPL	-0.991	0.371 (0.218,0.631)	0.000
Tumor size	0.192	1.211 (1.088-1.348)	0.000
Type of surgery	0.185	1.203 (0.653-2.214)	0.553
Tumor location	0.075	0.928 (0.689-1.250)	0.622
Borrmann classification	-1.474	0.229 (0.072-0.731)	0.013
Differentiated grade	0.491	0.612 (0.351-1.067)	0.083
T stage	1.250	3.489 (1.094-11.130)	0.035
N stage	0.535	1.707 (1.339-2.176)	0.000
Vascular invasion	-0.954	0.385 (0.235-0.632)	0.000

EIPL: Extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage; HR: Hazard ratio.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of overall survival

Variable	β	HR (95%CI)	P value
EIPL/Non-EIPL	-0.861	0.423 (0.246-0.727)	0.002
Tumor size	0.139	1.149 (1.025-1.289)	0.017
Borrmann classification	-0.268	0.765 (0.211-2.775)	0.684
T stage	1.395	4.034 (1.255-12.971)	0.019
N stage	0.313	1.368 (1.034-1.811)	0.029
Vascular invasion	-0.608	0.545 (0.317-0.935)	0.027

EIPL: Extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage; HR: Hazard ratio.