Comprehensive multimodal management of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: Current status and progress

Table 1 Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer

Ref.	P	N	Induction chemotherapy	Concurrent chemotherapy	SNT/TNT	RT method	Total RT dose (Gy)	Resection rate (%)	R0 rate (%)	Median OS (mo)
Katz et al[147]	II	22	FOLFIRINOX	Cape	SNT	3D-CRT/IMRT	50.4	68	93	21.7
Nagakawa et al[148]	II	27	GEM	GEM+S-1	SNT	IMRT	50.4	70.3	94.7	22.4
Masui et al[149]	II	30	GEM	GEM	SNT	3D-CRT	39	50	83	13.8
						IMRT	42	67	83	32
Murphy et al[150]	II	48	FOLFIRINOX	Cape	TNT	Proton	25	67	97	37.7
						IMRT	58
Tran et al[151]	II	25	FOLFIRINOX	GEM	SNT	IMRT	50	52	100	24.2
Versteijne et al[152]	III	54	GEM	GEM	SNT	3D-CRT	36	61	79	16
Takahashi et al[153]	II	41	NR	S-1	SNT	3D-CRT	50.4	85.4	74.3	30.8
Hayashi et al[154]	II	45	NR	S-1/GEM	SNT	3D-CRT	50.4	62.2	96.4	17.3
Sharp et al[155]	II	126	mFOLFIRINOX	NR	SNT	SBRT/HIGRT	33-40 / 25	35	251	17.1
Ghaneh P et al[43]	III	88	NR	Cape	SNT	3D-CRT	50.4	NR	191	NR

¹Intention-to-treat (ITT).

P: Phase; N: Number of patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer; RT: Radiation therapy; 3D-CRT: Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy; IMRT: Intensity modulated radiotherapy; HIGRT: Hypofractionated image-guided radiotherapy; OS: Overall survival; Cape: Capecitabine; GEM: Gemcitabine; FOLFIRINOX: Fluorouracil-leucovorin-irinotecan-oxaliplatin; mFOLFIRINOX: Modified FOLFIRINOX; SNT: Short-course neoadjuvant therapy; TNT: Total neoadjuvant therapy; SBRT: Stereotactic body radiotherapy; R0: Margin-negative resection; NR: Not report.

Table 2 Radiomics for treatment response in pancreatic cancer

Ref.	N	Imaging modality	Segmentation method	Feature extraction software	Extracted features	Statistically significant features	Extracted features type	% RQS (points)
Yue et al[156]	25	PET	Semi-automated	3D kernel-based approach	12	3	Second-order texture features	25% (9)
Chen et al[157]	20	CT	Manual	In-house developed software	8	4	First-order texture features	14% (5)
Ciaravino et al[67]	17	CECT	Manual	MaZda	5	1	First-order texture features	17% (6)
Kaissis et al[158]	55	MRI	Manual	Pyradiomics	1606	13	Shape features; First-order texture features; Second-order texture features; Filtered image features	36% (13)
Nasief et al[70]	90	CT	Manual	IBEX	1300	13	Shape features; First-order texture features; Second-order texture features; Customised features1	33% (12)
Borhani et al[68]	39	CECT	Manual	TexRAD	6	4	First-order texture features; Filtered image features	6% (2)

¹Normalized entry to standard deviation features.

N: Sample size; Extracted features: Number of extracted features; Statistically significant features: Number of statistically significant features; CT: Computed tomography; CECT: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography; PET: Positron emission tomography; IBEX: Imaging biomarker explorer; RQS: Radiomics quality score; 3D: Three-dimensional; TexRAD: Texture radiology software; IBEX: Imaging biomarker explorer; NR: Not report.