Nomogram for predicting early complications after distal gastrectomy

Table 1 Statistics on the proportion of complications

Complications	Number (%)
Abdominal bleeding	1 (4.8)
Abdominal infection	5 (42.9)
Incision infection	2 (9.5)
Chylous fistula	2 (9.5)
Duodenal stump leakage	4 (19.1)
Gastroparesis	1 (4.8)
Anastomotic stomatitis	2 (9.5)
Anastomotic fistula	3 (14.3)
Pancreatic leakage	1 (4.8)
Total	21

Table 2 Clinicopathological data and univariate analysis of early postoperative complications in patients with distl gastric cancer

Factors		With early postoperative complications (%)	Without early postoperative complications (%)	χ2/t	P value
Age (yr)		71 (60.5-74)	63 (5-70)	-2.14	0.032
Weight		66.15 ± 11.08	65.85 ± 10.01	0.118	0.906
Height		168.20 ± 6.869	165.52 ± 7.461	1.614	0.109
BMI		23.312 ± 3.22	24.00 ± 3.11	-0.905	0.367
Hemoglobin		129 (100.5-145)	128.5 (114.25-144.25)	-0.342	0.732
Albumin		39.9 (36.35-42.75)	41.35 (38.2-45)	-1.754	0.08
Prealbumin		18.9 (14.4-22.5)	21.45 (17.2-25.3)	-2.199	0.028
Alpha fetoprotein		3.02 (2.285-4.465)	2.495 (1.815-3.9225)	-1.383	0.167
Carcinoembryonic antigen		2.065 (1.4625-2.8625)	1.76 (1.265-3.38)	-0.511	0.609
CA199		7.3 (5-20.55)	9.04 (5.9925-16.05)	-0.326	0.744
CA125		9.66 (6.325-19.385)	8.685 (6.3-12.5)	-0.781	0.435
Number of positive lymph nodes		2 (0-8)	0.5 (0-6.25)	-0.643	0.526
Number of lymph node resections		29 (21-40)	28 (22-34)	-0.352	0.725
Tumor maximum diameter		4.5 (3-6)	4 (2.425-5.5)	-0.817	0.414
Surgical time		250 (205-265)	240 (210-282)	-0.141	0.888
Blood loss		50 (35-100)	50 (50-100)	-0.236	0.814
Organizational type				10.664	0.099
	Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma	9 (27.3)	24 (72.7)
	Moderate to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma	7 (12.3)	5 (92.3)
	Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma	1 (7.7)	12 (85.7)
	Medium to high differentiation adenocarcinoma	1 (12.5)	7 (87.5)
	Highly differentiated adenocarcinoma	0 (0)	5 (100)
	Diffuse large B-cell carcinoma	1 (100)	0 (0)
	Signet ring cell carcinoma	2 (14.3)	12 (87.5)
General type				3.202	0.921
	Concave type	2 (18.2)	9 (81.8)
	Shallow concave type	1 (5.3)	18 (94.7)
	Superficial uplift type	1 (14.3)	6 (86.7)
	Shallow flat type	0 (0)	1 (100)
	Nodular type	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)
	Infiltrating ulcer type	2 (15.4)	11 (84.6)
	Ulcerative type	11 (19)	47 (81)
	Protuberant type	2 (20)	8 (80)
	Diffuse infiltrative type	1 (11.1)	8 (88.9)
ASA				0.428	0.934
	Ⅰ	0 (0)	1 (100)
	Ⅱ	10 (15.6)	54 (84.4)
	Ⅲ	11 (16.9)	54 (83.1)
	Ⅳ	0 (0)	1 (100)
Sex				0.21	0.647
	Male	17 (16.8)	84 (83.2)
	Female	4 (13.3)	26 (86.7)
Transfusion				11.342	0.001
	Yes	17 (27.4)	45 (72.6)
	No	4 (5.8)	65 (94.2)
P stage				3.143	0.37
	Ⅰ	6 (11.5)	46 (88.5)
	Ⅱ	5 (22.7)	17 (77.3)
	Ⅲ	10 (19.6)	41 (80.4)
	Ⅳ	0 (0)	6 (100)
hypertension				1.581	0.001
	Yes	14 (31.1)	31 (68.9)
	No	7 (8.1)	79 (91.9)
Diabetes				9.27	0.002
	Yes	10 (37)	17 (63)
	No	11 (10.6)	93 (89.4)
Smoking history				3.262	0.071
	Yes	1 (3.4)	28 (96.6)
	No	20 (19.6)	82 (80.4)
History of drinking				0.017	0.896
	Yes	6 (15.4)	33 (84.6)
	No	15 (16.3)	77 (83.7)
History of abdominal surgery				7.199	0.007
	Yes	8 (38.1)	13 (61.9)
	No	13 (11.8)	97 (88.2)
Laparoscopy				0.002	0.962
	Yes	11 (16.2)	57 (83.8)
	No	10 (15.9)	53 (84.1)
Robot surgery				0.002	0.962
	Yes	10 (15.9)	53 (84.1)
	No	11 (16.2)	57 (83.8)
Intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy				0.001	0.971
	Yes	6 (16.2)	31 (83.8)
	No	15 (16.0)	79 (84.0)
R0				7.466	0.006
	Yes	18 (14.3)	108 (85.7)
	No	2 (40)	3 (60)
Vascular invasion				0.242	0.622
	Yes	11 (14.7)	64 (85.3)
	No	10 (17.9)	46 (82.1)
Lymphatic invasion				1.566	0.212
	Yes	4 (10)	36 (90)
	No	17 (18.7)	74 (81.3)
Combined organectomy				0.275	0.6
	Yes	19 (15.6)	103 (84.4)
	No	2 (22.2)	7 (77.8)
Liver				0.017	0.897
	Yes	1 (14.3)	6 (85.7)
	No	20 (16.1)	104 (83.9)
Lung				0.788	0.375
	Yes	0 (0)	4 (100)
	No	21 (16.5)	106 (83.5)
Kidney				0.788	0.375
	Yes	0 (0)	4 (100)
	No	21 (16.5)	106 (83.5)
Heart				2.193	0.144
	Yes	5 (27.8)	13 (72.2)
	No	16 (14.2)	97 (85.8)
Brain				2.329	0.127
	Yes	4 (30.8)	9 (69.2)
	No	17 (14.4)	101 (85.6)
T stage				0.47	0.493
	1	6 (13)	40 (87)
	≥ 2	15 (17.6)	70 (82.4)
N stage				0.639	0.888
	0	9 (14.3)	54 (85.7)
	1	2 (13.3)	13 (86.7)
	2	3 (16.7)	15 (83.3)
	3	7 (20)	28 (80)
M stage				1.2	0.273
	0	21 (16.8)	104 (83.2)
	1	0 (0)	6 (100)

BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American society of aneshesiologists.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of early postoperative complications in patients with distl gastric cancer

Factors	β	S.E.	Wald value	Freedom	P value	OR value (95%CI)
Age (yr)	-0.017	0.034	0.263	1	0.608	0.983 (0.92-1.05)
Prealbumin	-0.035	0.067	0.275	1	0.6	0.966 (0.847-1.1)
Transfusion	1.647	0.714	5.326	1	0.021	5.191 (1.282-21.02)
Hypertension	1.436	0.602	5.689	1	0.017	4.204 (1.292-13.683)
Diabetes	1.461	0.728	4.029	1	0.045	4.309 (1.035-17.936)
History of abdominal surgery	1.75	0.669	6.853	1	0.009	5.757 (1.553-21.348)
R0	-1.449	1.173	1.526	1	0.217	0.235 (0.024-2.339)
Constant	-1.019	3.136	0.106	1	0.745	0.361

OR: Odds ratio.