Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Aug 27, 2022; 14(8): 754-764
Published online Aug 27, 2022. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v14.i8.754
Table 1 Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics for patients in two cohorts
OG (n = 48)
3DLAG (n = 36)
P value
Age (yr)60.62 (10.11)61.19 (9.90)0.797
Gender (%)1.000
Male42 (87.5)32 (88.9)
Female6 (12.5)4 (11.1)
BMI (kg/m2)21.65 (3.22)22.26 (2.59)0.355
ASA (%)0.384
11 (2.1)0 (0.0)
233 (68.8)29 (80.6)
314 (29.2)7 (19.4)
Previous disease (%)0.54
Benign17 (35.4)16 (44.4)
Malignant31 (64.6)20 (55.6)
Primary reconstruction (%)0.617
Billroth Ⅰ16 (33.3)12 (33.3)
Billroth Ⅱ22 (45.8)20 (55.6)
Roux-en-Y4 (8.3)1 (2.8)
Tube-like Stomach esophagogastrostomy6 (12.5)3 (8.3)
Interval time (d)211.56 (197.35)237.97 (209.01)0.556
Site of CRS (%)0.352
Non-anastomosis22 (45.8)12 (33.3)
Anastomosis26 (54.2)66.7)
All continuous variables were described by mean ± SD; enumeration data were presented by percentage (%). OGC: Open gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach; 3DLAGC: 3D laparoscopic assisted gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach; BMI: Body mass index; CRS: Carcinoma in the remnant stomach.
Table 2 Intraoperative and postoperative results for patients in two cohorts
OGC (n = 48)
3DLAGC (n = 36)
P value
Abdominal adhesion, n (%)0.098
0 7 (14.6)1 (2.8)
Ⅰ10 (20.8)3 (8.3)
Ⅱ12 (25.0)14 (38.9)
Ⅲ12 (25.0)14 (38.9)
Ⅳ7 (14.6)4 (11.1)
Operation time (min)215.67 (73.80)243.11 (61.97)0.075
Blood Loss (mL)305.83 (303.66)188.33 (191.35)0.045
Incision size (cm)20.06 (5.17)10.86 (3.18)< 0.001
Postoperative VAS
Day 17.17 (0.88)6.03 (0.70)< 0.001
Day 35.52 (0.80)3.86 (0.68)< 0.001
Day 53.73 (1.16)2.06 (0.92)< 0.001
Nasogastric tube removal time (d)3.58 (1.93)1.86 (1.46)< 0.001
Abdominal drainage tube removal time (d)8.21 (3.14)5.83 (2.26)< 0.001
Time to first ambulation (d)2.58 (0.71)1.81 (0.71)< 0.001
Time to first flatus (d)4.00 (1.03)3.08 (0.55)< 0.001
Time to first soft diet (d)5.50 (3.58)3.14 (1.73)< 0.001
ICU, n (%)10 (20.8)3 (8.3)0.207
Postoperative hospital stay (d)11.19 (6.34)7.56 (2.25)0.002
Total hospital stay (d)15.75 (7.37)12.19 (4.02)0.011
Complications (Grade ≥ Ⅲ), n (%)7 (14.5)2 (5.6)0.372
Anastomosis leakage2 (4.2)1 (2.8)
Cardiac failure1 (2.1)0 (0.0)
Anastomosis obstruction2 (4.2)0 (0.0)
Abdominal bleeding2 (4.2)1 (2.8)
All continuous variables were described by mean ± SD; enumeration data were presented by percentage (%). Incision size: primary incision excluding the wounds for drainage and trocar; Complications (Grade ≥ 3): According to classification of Clavien-Dindo; OGC: Open gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach; 3DLAGC: 3D laparoscopic assisted gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach; VAS: Visual analog score; ICU: Intensive care unit.
Table 3 Postoperative pathological results for patients in two cohorts
OGC (n = 48)
3DLAGC (n = 36)
P value
Pathological type, n (%)0.521
Well differentiated 24 (50.0)21 (58.3)
Moderately differentiated 19 (39.6)10 (27.8)
Poorly differentiated (including signet-ring cell carcinoma)5 (10.4)5 (13.9)
Tumor size (mm)38.67 (30.51)35.22 (30.93)0.612
TNM, n (%)0.084
Ⅰ18 (37.5)15 (41.7)
Ⅱa11 (22.9)8 (22.2)
Ⅱb9 (18.8)1 (2.8)
Ⅲa4 (8.3)9 (25.0)
Ⅲb4 (8.3)3 (8.3)
Ⅲc2 (4.2)0 (0.0)
Depth of tumor invasion, n (%)0.826
T110 (20.8)9 (25.0)
T29 (18.8)7 (19.4)
T317 (35.4)13 (36.1)
T410 (25.0)5 (19.5)
Lymph nodes metastases, n (%)0.205
N034 (70.8)20 (55.6)
N16 (12.5)8 (22.2)
N22 (4.2)5 (13.9)
N36 (12.5)3 (8.3)
Number of positive lymph nodes (n)2.35 (5.28)1.56 (2.84)0.413
Total number of lymph nodes retrieved (n)10.73 (6.82)14.00 (7.17)0.036
All continuous variables were described by mean ± SD; Enumeration data were presented by percentage (%). OGC: Open gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach; 3DLAGC: 3D laparoscopic assisted gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach; TNM: Pathological staging (pTNM) according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM Staging Classification for Carcinoma of the Stomach (8th ed).