Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Mar 27, 2022; 14(3): 236-246
Published online Mar 27, 2022. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v14.i3.236
Table 1 Patient characteristics
Characteristics
n (%)
Patients502
Recurrence43 (8.6)
Multiple recurrences9 (1.8)
Male287 (57.2)
Age (mean ± SD, yr)65.2 ± 15.6
Age 70 yr201 (40.0)
PAD243 (48.4)
CBD diameter (mean ± SD, cm)1.3 ± 0.7
CBD diameter 1.5 cm160 (31.9)
Largest CBD stone diameter 1.5 cm83 (16.3)
CBD stone number 2189 (37.6)
Muddy stones131 (26.1)
Initial ampullary intervention
EST141 (28.1)
EPBD/EPLBD31 (6.2)
ESBD315 (62.7)
CBD morphology
Straight type289 (57.6)
S type45 (9.0)
Polyline type168 (33.5)
Cholecystectomy26 (5.2)
Gastrectomy9 (1.8)
Procedure time (mean ± SD, min)20.0 ± 13.7
Table 2 Patient characteristics of patients with and without common bile duct stone recurrence, n (%)
Characteristics
Recurrence (n = 43)
Nonrecurrence (n = 459)
P value
Sex (male/female)23/20264/1950.61
Age ≥ 70 yr25 (58.1)176 (38.3)0.01
PAD23 (53.5)220 (47.9)0.49
CBD diameter (mean ± SD, cm)1.5 ± 0.51.3 ± 0.70.06
CBD diameter ≥ 1.5 cm23 (53.5)137 (29.8)< 0.01
Largest CBD stone diameter ≥ 1.5 cm11 (25.6)71 (15.5)0.09
CBD stone number ≥ 215 (34.9)174 (37.9)0.70
Muddy stones12 (27.9)119 (25.9)0.78
Initial ampullary intervention
EST13 (30.2)128 (27.9)0.74
EPBD/EPLBD9 (20.9)22 (4.8)< 0.01
ESBD17 (39.5)298 (64.9)< 0.01
CBD morphology< 0.01
Straight type14 (32.6)275 (59.9)
S type11 (25.6)34 (7.4)
Polyline type18 (41.9)150 (32.7)
Cholecystectomy 5 (11.6)21 (4.6)0.06
Procedure time (mean ± SD, min)19.3 ± 14.220.1 ± 13.60.71
Gastrectomy3 (7.0)6 (1.3)0.03
Table 3 Patient characteristics of patients with different common bile duct morphologies, n (%)
Characteristics
Straight type (n = 289)
S type (n = 45)
Polyline type (n = 168)
P value
Sex (male/female)166/12330/1591/770.32
Age ≥ 70 yr104 (36.0)20 (44.4)77 (45.8)0.10
PAD136 (47.1)20 (44.4)87 (51.8)0.53
CBD diameter (mean ± SD, cm)1.3 ± 0.41.5 ± 0.51.4 ± 0.90.14
CBD diameter ≥ 1.5 cm 96 (33.2)22 (48.9)42 (25.0)0.01
Largest CBD stone diameter ≥ 1.5 cm42 (14.5)8 (17.8)32 (19.0)0.44
CBD stone number ≥ 2105 (36.3)17 (37.8)67 (39.9)0.75
Muddy stones78 (27.0)11 (24.4)42 (25.0)0.87
Initial ampullary intervention
EST84 (29.1)11 (24.4)46 (27.4)0.79
EPBD/EPLBD18 (6.2)3 (6.7)10 (6.0)0.98
ESBD180 (62.3)30 (66.7)105 (62.5)0.85
Cholecystectomy19 (6.6)2 (4.4)5 (3.0)0.24
Procedure time (mean ± SD, min)19.8 ± 11.719.7 ± 13.120.6 ± 16.70.81
Gastrectomy5 (1.7)0 (0.0)4 (2.4)0.38
Table 4 Characteristics of patients with single recurrence and multiple recurrences, n (%)
Characteristics
Single recurrence (n = 34)
Multiple recurrences (n = 9)
P value
Sex (male/female)19/154/50.71
Age (mean ± SD, yr)71.3 ± 13.768.6 ± 12.20.59
Age ≥ 70 yr21 (61.8)4 (44.4)0.46
PAD21 (61.8)2 (22.2)0.06
CBD diameter (mean ± SD, cm)1.5 ± 0.51.6 ± 0.60.43
CBD diameter ≥ 1.5 cm18 (52.9)5 (55.6)1.00
Largest CBD stone diameter ≥ 1.5 cm10 (29.4)1 (11.1)0.41
CBD stone number ≥ 212 (35.3)3 (33.3)1.00
Muddy stones 10 (29.4)2 (22.2)1.00
Initial ampullary intervention
EST10 (29.4)3 (33.3)1.00
EPBD/EPLBD6 (17.6)3 (33.3)0.37
ESBD16 (47.1)1 (11.1)0.07
CBD morphology0.22
straight type12 (35.3)2 (22.2)
S type10 (29.4)1 (11.1)
polyline type12 (35.3)6 (66.7)
Cholecystectomy5 (14.7)0 (0.0)0.57
Gastrectomy3 (8.8)0 (0.0)1.00
Procedure time (mean ± SD, min)19.9 ± 15.717.0 ± 6.30.60
Table 5 Risk factors for common bile duct stone recurrence
Factor
B
OR (95%CI)
P value
B
OR (95%CI)
P value
Age ≥ 70yr0.691.99 (0.99-4.00)0.06
CBD diameter ≥ 1.5 cm0.792.20 (1.08-4.46)0.03
EPBD/EPLBD0.922.51 (0.89-7.06)0.08
ESBD-1.040.35 (0.17-0.75)< 0.01
Gastrectomy1.464.29 (0.84-21.83)0.08
CBD morphology< 0.01< 0.01
Straight typeReference-0.900.41 (0.19-0.88)0.02
S type1.896.61 (2.61-16.77)< 0.010.992.70 (1.08-6.73)0.03
Polyline type0.902.45 (1.14-5.26)0.02Reference