Treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis in the hepatic vein or inferior vena cava: A comprehensive review

Table 1 Retrospective study published concentrating on surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with tumor thrombus in hepatic vein

Ref.	Treatment	Location of tumor thrombus	Patient number	OS	Prognostic factors
Chen et al[7], 2020	Surgery, TACE, supportive treatment	HV, IVC	437	27.1 mo for type 1; 15 mo for type 2; 8 mo for type 3	HVTT classification, treatment modality, coexistence of PVTT, total bilirubin, tumor diameter
Kokudo et al[4], 2017	Surgical vs no surgical	HV, IVC	651 vs 615	4.47 yr vs 1.58 yr in pHVTT/mHVTT; 1.48 yr vs 0.84 yr in IVCTT	In pHVTT/mHVTT, PVTT, number of tumors, gastroesophageal varcices, poor cell differentiation
Li et al[14], 2015	Hepatectomy en bloc vs hepatectomy combined with suction of tumor thrombus	HV or portal vein	28 vs 28	14.3 mo vs 10.4 mo	Preoperative AFP level, treatment choice
Kokudo et al[6], 2014	Hepatectomy combined with or without thrombectomy	HV, IVC	174	5.27 yr for pHVTT; 3.95 yr for mHVTT; 1.39 yr for IVCTT	Location of tumor thrombus, R1/2 resection
Wang et al[12], 2013	Hepatectomy and tumor thrombectomy vs TACE vs symptomatic treatment	IVC or RA	25 vs 20 vs 11	19 mo vs 4 mo vs 5 mo	Number of tumor nodules, treatment choice
Liu et al[5], 2012	Hepatectomy and tumor thrombectomy vs TACE + chemotherapy	RHV or IVC	65 vs 50	18 mo vs 7 mo	Not mentioned

TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; RHA: Right hepatic vein; HV: Hepatic vein; IVC: Inferior vena cava; RA: Right atrium; pHVTT: Peripheral hepatic vein tumor thrombus; mHVTT: Major hepatic vein tumor thrombus; IVCTT: Inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.