Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Surg. May 27, 2021; 13(5): 406-418
Published online May 27, 2021. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i5.406
Published online May 27, 2021. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i5.406
PDAC | CP | AIP | PDP |
Perineural invasion; perivascular invasion; naked glands in adipose tissue; desmoplasia; anisonucleosis (4:1 nuclear size variation) | Intact lobular architecture; fibrosis; secretory plugs | Type I: Dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with an increased IgG4 expression; storiform fibrosis; obliterative phlebitis. Type II: Granulocytes in the ductal epithelium; absent IgG4 positive cells. | Duodenal wall thickening; brunner gland hyperplasia; smooth muscle hyperplasia; heterotopic pancreatic tissue |
Subtype | Colloid | Medullary | Adenosquamous | Hepatoid | Signet ring cell |
Morphologic features | More than 80% of extracellular mucin; focal signet-ring cells can be seen | Minimal glandular differentiation; syncytial growth pattern; abundant inflammatory infiltrate | More than 30% of squamous differentiation | More than 50% of hepatocellular differentiation | More than 80% of signet ring cell component |
Altered genes | GNAS; ATM | MMR genes; POLE | SMAD4; CDKN2A | BAP1; Notch1 | NA |
- Citation: Aldyab M, El Jabbour T, Parilla M, Lee H. Benign vs malignant pancreatic lesions: Molecular insights to an ongoing debate. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13(5): 406-418
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v13/i5/406.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v13.i5.406