Photodynamic therapy: A next alternative treatment strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Table 1 Summary of photosensitizers molecules in photodynamic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in recent years

PSs	Animal model	Ref.
ICG	Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mice	Hong et al[58]
ICG	Huh-7 tumor-bearing nude mice	Shirata et al[49]
m-THPC (Foscan®)	Rat model with Walker-256 hepatoma cells	Wang et al[59]
Endogenous PpIX from 5-ALA	Diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC in Fisher-344 rats	Otake et al[60]
HpD	2-Acetylaminofluorene-induced HCC in Fisher-344 rats	Kita et al[61]

PSs: Photosensitizers; ICG: Indocyanine green; m-THPC: Meta-tetra (hydroxyphenyl) chlorin/temoporfin; PpIX: Protoporphyrin IX; 5-ALA: 5-aminolaevulinic acid; HpD: Hematoporphyrin derivatives; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Table 2 Summary of photosensitizers-loaded nanoparticles-mediated drug delivery systems in photodynamic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma evaluated in recent years

PSs	Delivery vehicle	Ligand	Matching receptor	Drug agent	Animal model	Ref.
Pu-18-N-butylimide-NMGA	Gold NPs	/	/	/	Huh-7 tumor-bearing nude mice	Kwon et al[62]
ZnPc	BSA-assembled NPs	/	/	Sorafenib	SMMC-7721 tumor-bearing nude mice	Yu et al[51]
ICG	Nanoliposomes	/	/	Sorafenib	Hep3B tumor-bearing nude mice	He et al[63]
Porphyrin	MOF	Folic acid	Folate receptor	/	Doxycycline-induced HCC in krasG12V zebrafish	Chen et al[64]
Ce6	SPIONs	Cancer cell membrane	/	/	SMMC-7721 tumor-bearing nude mice	Li et al[65]
Porphyrin	PEGylated Zr-MOF	Galactose	ASGPR	DOX	Huh-7 tumor-bearing nude mice	Hu et al[66]
Mitoxantrone	PEGylated UCNP micelles	Anti-EpCAM antibody	EpCAM	/	BEL-7404 tumor-bearing nude mice	Han et al[46]
Ce6	DNA hybrids	TLS11a aptamer	/	DOX	HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice	Zhang et al[67]
Ce6	Gold NPs	TLS11a aptamer	/	AQ4N	HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice	Zhang et al[68]
IR780	Phospholipid/Pluronic F68 NPs	Pullulan	ASGPR	Paclitaxel	MHCC-97H tumor-bearing nude mice	Wang et al[69]

PSs: Photosensitizers; Pu-18-N-butylimide-NMGA: Purpurin-18-N-butylimide-N-methyl-D-glucamine; NPs: Nanoparticles; ZnPc: Zinc phthalocyanine; BSA: Bovine serum albumin; ICG: Indocyanine green; MOF: Metal-organic frameworks; Ce6: Chlorin e6; SPIONs: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles; ASGPR: Asialoglycoprotein receptor; DOX: Doxorubicin; AQ4N: Banoxantrone.