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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Oct 27, 2021; 13(10): 1136-1148
Published online Oct 27, 2021. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i10.1136
Table 1 Combination therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Combination therapy
Trial name
Phase
Number of patients
Control
Outcome (months or rate)
Ref.
Lenvatinib + pembrolizumabKEYNOTE-524Ib100NoneORR: 46% by mRECIST and 36% by RECIST v1.1; mPFS: 9.3 mo by mRECIST and 8.6 mo by RECIST v1.1; mOS: 22.0 moFinn et al[29]
Lenvatinib + nivolumabStudy-117Ib30NoneORR: 76.7%, DCR: 96.7%, CBR: 83.3%Kudo et al[30]
Avelumab + axitinibVEGF liver-100Ib22NonemOS: 12.7 mo, 1-yr OS rate: 54.5%; ORR: 13.6% by RECIST v1.1 and 31.8% by mRECISTKudo et al[31]
Pembrolizumab + regorafenibKN-743Ib36NoneORR: 28%, DCR: 91%Galle et al[32]
Camrelizumab + apatinibRESCUEII190NoneORR for first- and second-line treatment: 34.3% and 22.5%, mPFS: 5.7 and 5.5 mo; 12-mo OS rate: 74.7% and 68.2%Xu et al[33]
Atezolizumab + bevacizumabIMbrave150III501SorafenibmOS: 19.2 mo vs 13.4 mo; mPFS: 6.9 mo vs 4.3 moFinn et al[34]
Lenvatinib + pembrolizumabLEAP-002III750Lenvatinib + placeboOngoingLlovet et al[35]
camrelizumab + apatinibNCT03764293III510SorafenibOngoingNational Cancer Institute[36]
Cabozantinib + atezolizumabCOSMIC-312III740Sorafenib or cabozantinibOngoingKelley et al[37]
Table 2 Grade 3/4 adverse events in combination therapy groups
Combination therapy group
Phase
Grade 3/4 adverse events (%)
Lenvatinib + pembrolizumab group (n = 100)IbHypertension (17), AST increased (11), diarrhea (5), asthenia (5), fatigue (4)
Lenvatinib + nivolumab group (n = 30)IbPalmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (56.7), dysphonia (53.3)
Avelumab + axitinib group (n = 22)IbHypertension (50.0), HFSR (22.7)
Pembrolizumab + regorafenib group (n = 36)IbAST increase (19), ALT increase (14), hypertension (14), bilirubin increase (14), lipase increase (11)
Camrelizumab + apatinib group (n = 190)IIHypertension (34.2), gamma-glutamyltransferase increase (11.6), neutropenia (11.1)
Atezolizumab + bevacizumab group (n = 329)IIIHypertension (15.2), AST increase (7.0), ALT increase (3.6), platelet count decrease (3.3), proteinuria (3.0)
Lenvatinib + pembrolizumab groupIIIOngoing
Camrelizumab + apatinib groupIIIOngoing
Cabozantinib + atezolizumab groupIIIOngoing