Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Feb 27, 2020; 12(2): 34-44
Published online Feb 27, 2020. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i2.34
Table 1 Statistical analysis of prognostic factors for disease-free survival
Demographic, clinical and pathological factorsDisease-free survival [median (range) mo]Uni-variate analysis (P value)Multi-variate analysis (P value)Risk ratio (Confidence interval)
Age0.637
< 65 yr (n = 244)18 (3-165)
≥ 65 yr (n = 342)18 (3-160)
Gender0.588
Male (n = 389)18 (3-165)
Female (n = 197)20 (3-153)
Presentation< 0.0010.0030.684 (0.533-0.877)
Synchronous (n = 225)15 (3-165)
Metachronous (n = 361)20 (3-160)
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio18 (3-165)0.272
< 5 (n = 490)21 (3-153)
≥ 5 (n = 96)
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio0.114
< 150 (n = 287)17 (3-165)
≥ 150 (n = 299)20 (3-156)
Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy< 0.0010.0990.789 (0.596-1.046)
Yes (n = 135)13 (3-165)
No (n = 451)20 (3-160)
Statin therapy0.340
Yes (n = 181)17 (3-160)
No (n = 405)19 (3-165)
Deprivation index0.083
1 (n = 101)13 (3-131)
2 (n = 120)18 (3-159)
3 (n = 115)18 (3-147)
4 (n = 142)20 (3-123)
5 (n = 108)21 (3-165)
Resection < hemi-hepatectomy (n = 368)20 (3-165)0.0150.3691.124 (0.871-1.449)
≥ hemi-hepatectomy (n = 218)18 (3-160)
Largest tumour size0.0070.0091.407 (1.087-1.820)
< 5 cm (n = 406)20 (3-156)
≥ 5 cm (n = 180)16 (3-165)
Number of metastases< 0.0010.0011.552 (1.204-2.002)
Solitary (n = 294)22 (3-165)
Multiple (n = 292)14 (3-153)
Steatosis0.0030.0031.285 (1.086-1.520)
None (n = 426)18 (3-165)
Mild (n = 97)20 (3-153)
Moderate – Severe (n = 63)12 (3-144)
Lymphatic invasion0.0020.1010.747 (0.527-1.059)
Positive (n = 67)15 (3-160)
Negative (n = 519)20 (3-165)
Vascular invasion0.059
Positive (n = 264)16 (3-159)
Negative (n = 322)20 (3-165)
Peri-neural invasion< 0.0010.0050.522 (0.333-0.821)
Positive (n = 38)12 (3-101)
Negative (n = 548)20 (3-165)
Biliary invasion0.158
Positive (n = 181)18 (3-159)
Negative (n = 405)20 (3-165)
Resection margin (R0)0.0040.0121.399 (1.075-1.821)
R0 (n = 427)19 (3-165)
R1 (n = 159)19 (3-156)
Table 2 Statistical analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival
Demographic, clinical and pathological factorsOverall Survival [median (range) mo]Uni-variate analysisMulti-variate analysisRisk ratio (Confidence interval)
Age0.373
< 65 yr (n = 244)39 (3-165)
≥ 65 yr (n = 342)35 (3-160)
Gender0.236
Male (n = 389)35 (3-165)
Female (n = 197)38 (3-160)
Presentation0.189
Synchronous (n = 225)46 (4-165)
Metachronous (n = 361)31 (3-160)
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio36 (3-165)0.219
< 5 (n = 490)41 (4-153)
≥ 5 (n = 96)
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio0.902
< 150 (n = 287)34 (5-165) 41 (3-156)
≥ 150 (n = 299)
Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy37 (4-165)0.0020.0140.710 (0.541-0.933)
Yes (n = 135)37 (3-160)
No (n = 451)
Statin therapy0.459
Yes (n = 181)34 (3-160)
No (n = 405)38 (3-165)
Deprivation index0.324
1 (n = 101)31 (4-152)
2 (n = 120)38 (3-160)
3 (n = 115)31 (5-147)
4 (n = 142)41 (4-159)
5 (n = 108)36 (4-165)
Less than hemi-hepatectomy (n = 368)38 (3-165)0.0020.0041.441 (1.125-1.845)
Hemi-hepatectomy or more (n = 218)36 (3-160)
Largest tumour size0.079
< 5 cm (n = 406)38 (3-159)
≥ 5 cm (n = 180)33 (3-165)
Number of metastases0.0150.2161.171 (0.912-1.504)
Solitary (n = 294)40 (3-165)
Multiple (n = 292)34 (4-159)
Steatosis0.512
None (n = 426)32 (3-165)
Mild (n = 97)59 (5-154)
Moderate – severe (n = 63)67 (7-159)
Lymphatic invasion0.440
Positive (n = 67)56 (3-160)
Negative (n = 519)35 (3-165)
Vascular invasion0.130
Positive (n = 264)34(3-160)
Negative (n = 322)40 (4-165)
Peri-neural invasion< 0.0010.0020.521 (0.342-0.795)
Positive (n = 38)27 (3-101)
Negative (n = 548)38 (3-165)
Biliary invasion0.530
Positive (n = 181)37 (3-160)
Negative (n = 405)37 (4-165)
Resection margin (R0)< 0.0010.0041.462 (1.130-1.891)
R0 (n = 427)39 (3-165)
R1 (n = 159)34 (4-160)
Table 3 Effect of statins on patient and tumour variables
Demographic, clinical and pathological factorsStatin therapy use (n = 181)No statin therapy use (n = 408)P value
Age > 65 yr1062360.947
Male gender1192700.827
Synchronous presentation671580.646
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 522740.065
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 150882110.436
Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy38870.894
Hemi-hepatectomy or more611570.241
Largest tumour size ≥ 5 cm531270.615
Solitary hepatic metastases912030.973
Steatosis - None1272990.634
Lymphatic invasion16500.215
Perineural invasion13200.276
Vascular invasion881760.246
Biliary invasion621190.238
Resection margin R01332940.823