Endoscopic surgery - exploring the modalities

Figure 1 Endoscopic full-thickness resection of a submucosal lesion by application of an over-the-scope-clip followed by snare polypectomy. A: Endoscope is equipped with a cap mounted with clip; B: Identified lesion grasped; C: Pulled into the cap; D: Clip applied at the base; E: Full-thickness of the targeted lesion resected with closure of snare.

Figure 2 Design of prototype slave manipulator.

Figure 3 Master console controlled by surgeon.

Figure 4 Endoscopic creation of restrictive pouch with transoral gastroplasty device. A: TOGA system deployed within the stomach, and having the endoscope at retroflex view; B: Anterior and posterior gastric mucosa brought into the suction chamber and stapled on; C: A restrictive luminal tube created within the stomach. TOGA: Transoral gastroplasty.