Pentoxifylline improves liver regeneration through down-regulation of TNF-α synthesis and TGF-β1 gene expression

Figure 1 Serum (A) and liver tissue (B) levels of tumor necrosis factor-α after partial hepatectomy at 2 and 6 h. Group saline and Group pentoxifylline (PTX). Data are presented as mean ± SD of 10 animals per group. ^aP < 0.05.

Figure 2 Serum (A) and liver tissue (B) levels of interleukin-6 after partial hepatectomy at 2 and 6 h. Group saline and Group pentoxifylline (PTX). Data are presented as mean ± SD of 10 animals per group. ^aP < 0.05.

Figure 3 Liver tissue levels of tumor growth factor-β1 mRNA after partial hepatectomy at 2 h. Group saline and Group pentoxifylline (PTX). Data are presented as mean ± SD of 6 animals per group. ^aP < 0.05.

Figure 4 Liver tissue proliferating cell nuclear antigen and mitotic index after partial hepatectomy at 48 h. Group saline and Group pentoxifylline. Data are presented as mean ± SD of 6 animals per group. ^aP < 0.05.