Effect of information-motivation-behavioral skills model based perioperative nursing on pain in patients with gallstones

Figure 1 Flow diagram of the study.

Figure 2 Comparison of time to gastrointestinal function recovery in patients (n = 72). ^aP < 0.05, compared with control group; ^bP < 0.05, compared with high-quality nursing group.

Figure 3 Comparison of stress levels in patients (n = 72). A: Cortisol levels; B: Norepinephrine levels. ^aP < 0.05, compared with control group; ^bP < 0.05, compared with high-quality nursing group. Cor: Cortisol; NE: Norepinephrine.

Figure 4 Comparison of patients’ pain status (n = 72). ^aP < 0.05, compared with control group; ^bP < 0.05, compared with high-quality nursing group; ^cP < 0.05, compared with preintervention; ^dP < 0.05, compared with 1 d after intervention.

Figure 5 Comparison of patients’ emotional state (n = 72). A: Hamilton Anxiety Scale score; B: Hamilton Depression Scale score. ^aP < 0.05, compared with control group; ^bP < 0.05, compared with high-quality nursing group; ^cP < 0.05, compared with preintervention. HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale.

Figure 6 Comparison of patients’ quality of life (n = 72). ^aP < 0.05, compared with control group; ^bP < 0.05, compared with high-quality nursing group.

Figure 7 Comparison of complications among patients (n = 72).

Figure 8 Comparison of patients’ nursing satisfaction (n = 72).