Sarcopenia adversely impacts clinical outcomes in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Figure 1 Flowchart of the literature search strategy.

Figure 2 The overall incidence of sarcopenia.

Figure 3 Comparison of the overall rate of postoperative complications, major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III), the occurrence of bacteremia, the occurrence of pneumonia, wound infection rates, urinary tract infection rates, the incidence of pancreatic fistula, biliary fistula rates, the occurrence of postoperative bleeding, length of stay, postoperative mortality rates, and overall survival between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups. A: Comparison of the overall rate of postoperative complications between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups; B: Comparison of major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III) between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups; C: Comparison of the occurrence of bacteremia between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups; D: Comparison of the occurrence of pneumonia between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups; E: Comparison of wound infection rates between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups; F: Comparison of urinary tract infection rates between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups; G: Comparison of the incidence of pancreatic fistula between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups; H: Comparison of biliary fistula rates between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups; I: Comparison of the occurrence of postoperative bleeding between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups; J: Comparison of length of stay between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups; K: Comparison of postoperative mortality rates between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups; L: Comparison of overall survival between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups. (multivariate analysis). CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 4 Funnel plot of the observed complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III). OR: Odds ratio.