Perioperative outcomes of transvaginal specimen extraction laparoscopic total gastrectomy and conventional laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy

Figure 1 Surgical procedure. A: The anvil was pulled out from the esophageal stump; B: The operating handle was placed through the left upper abdominal puncture hole; C: The esophagojejunal anastomosis was performed by laparoscopic 25-mm circular stapler; D: The jejunal stump was closed with a linear stapler; E: The 21-mm anvil was fixed by purse-string suturing under laparoscopy; F: The jejunal stump was closed with linear stapler; G: The specimen was delivered through the vagina; H: The horizontal incision on the posterior wall of the vagina was closed with a running absorbable suture.

Figure 2 Clinical characteristics in the natural orifice specimen extraction surgery group and laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy group. NOSES: Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery; LATG: Laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy; BMI: Body mass index. ^bP < 0.01.

Figure 3 Adenocarcinoma. NOSES: Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery; LATG: Laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy.