Comparison of the clinical effects of dual-modality endoscopy and traditional laparotomy for the treatment of intra- and extrahepatic bile duct stones

Figure 1 Surgical indices of the two groups. A: Comparison of surgical times; B: Comparison of intraoperative blood loss volumes; C: Comparison of gastrointestinal function recovery times; D: Comparison of lengths of hospital stay. ^aP < 0.05 and ^bP < 0.01 vs the control group.

Figure 2 Serum inflammatory marker levels in the two groups. A: Changes in tumor necrosis factor-α before and after treatment; B: Changes in interleukin (IL)-6 before and after treatment; C: Changes in IL-8 Levels before and after treatment in the two groups. ^aP < 0.05 and ^bP < 0.01 vs before treatment; ^dP < 0.05 vs control group. TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6: Interleukin-6.

Figure 3 Oxidative stress indices of the two groups. A: Changes in glutathione peroxidase in the two groups before and after treatment; B: Changes in superoxide dismutase activity in the two groups before and after treatment; C: Changes in malondialdehyde levels before and after treatment in the two groups; D: Changes in the advanced protein oxidation products concentration before and after treatment in the two groups. ^aP < 0.05 and ^bP < 0.01 vs before treatment; ^dP < 0.05 vs control group. GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; AOPPs: Advanced protein oxidation products.