Single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair in the treatment of adult female patients with inguinal hernia

Figure 1 Flow chart for patient selection and study. SIL-TAPP: Single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty; CL-TAPP: Conventional laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty; SILS-TAPP: Single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty.

Figure 2 Schematic of trocar placement. A: Trocar placement in single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty repair; B: Trocar placement in unilateral Conventional laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty (CL-TAPP) repair; C: Trocar placement in bilateral CL-TAPP repair.

Figure 3 Photographs of some surgical details. A: At the level of 2-3 cm along the upper margin of the inner ring opening, the peritoneum was cut from the medial umbilical fold to the anterior superior iliac spine; B: The hernia sac was disposed of; C: The mesh was placed and unfolded fully; D: The peritoneum was sutured continuously.