Optimal resection of gastric bronchogenic cysts based on anatomical continuity with adherent gastric muscular layer: A case report

Figure 1 The findings of Patient 1. A: Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a cystic mass with a diameter of 3 cm. The lesion was attached to the gastric cardia with regular outlines (arrows); B: Endoscopic ultrasonography findings: A cystic mass was found in the submucosal layer of the cardia; C and D: Laparoscopic findings: (C) A smooth cystic mass arose from the gastric cardia and (D) part of the cyst (T) adhered firmly to the gastric wall (G); E: Histopathological findings: The cystic wall was lined with ciliated columnar epithelia and mucous glandular cells without cytological atypia; high-power magnification; F: the smooth muscle fibers surrounded the cystic wall (1) and they were continuous with the gastric muscular layer (2); low-power magnification. G: The gastric wall; T: The tumor.

Figure 2 The findings of Patient 2. A: Computed tomography scan showed a homogeneous lesion with a diameter of 3 cm. The lesion was connected to the gastric cardia (arrows); B: The mass size increased to 5 cm after 4 years. C: Endoscopic ultrasonography findings: A cystic mass was found in the submucosal layer of the cardia; D and E: Laparoscopic findings: (D) A mass was observed in the lesser gastric curvature, and (E) it was strongly connected with a part of the gastric wall; F: Histopathological findings: The cystic wall was lined with ciliated columnar epithelia and mucous glandular cells without cytological atypia; high-power magnification; G: The smooth muscle fibers surrounded the cystic wall (1) and they were continuous with the gastric muscular layer (2); low-power magnification. G: The gastric wall; T: The tumor.

Figure 3 The findings of Patient 3. A: Computed tomography scan revealed a cystic mass with a diameter of 3.5 cm in diameter adjacent to the posterior wall of the proximal stomach; B: Endoscopic ultrasonography findings: A hyperechoic cystic mass was connected to the gastric wall; C and D: Laparoscopic findings: (C) A cyst was located adjacent to the gastric wall, and (D) it was attached firmly to the diaphragm muscle (Ph); E: Histopathological findings: The cystic wall was lined with ciliated columnar epithelia and mucous glandular cells without cytological atypia; high-power magnification; F: The cystic wall contained few smooth muscle fibers, and it had no evident connection with the gastric wall; low-power magnification. Ph: The diaphragm muscle; T: The tumor.