Prediction of lymph node metastasis in early esophageal cancer

Figure 1 Nomogram predicting the risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with early esophageal cancer. Harrell’s concordance index was 0.790 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.717-0.864] and 0.789 (95%CI: 0.709-0.869) in the training and validation sets, respectively. The corresponding cutoff values were 0.142 and 0.224. The P value in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test of the derivation and validation cohorts were both > 0.05. LNM: Lymph node metastasis. Citation: Zheng H, Tang H, Wang H, Fang Y, Shen Y, Feng M, Xu S, Fan H, Ge D, Wang Q, Tan L. Nomogram to predict lymph node metastasis in patients with early oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Surg 2018; 105: 1464-1470. Copyright ©The Author(s) 2018. Published by BJS Society Ltd[40].

Figure 2 Nomogram predicting the risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with early esophageal cancer. The area under the curve was 0.80 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.739-0.856] in the training cohort and 0.814 (95%CI, 0.725-0.900) in the validation cohort. The optimal cutoff value was 20%. Tumor grade I: High differentiation; Tumor grade II + III: moderate differentiation and poor differentiation. LNM: Lymph node metastasis. Citation: Zhou Y, Du J, Wang Y, Li H, Ping G, Luo J, Chen L, Zhang S, Wang W. Prediction of lymph node metastatic status in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using an assessment model combining clinical characteristics and pathologic results: A retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2019; 66: 53-61. Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by IJS Publishing Group Ltd[42].

Figure 3 Artificial neural network model predicting the risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with early esophageal cancer. The hidden layer consisted of 20 neurons. The optimal performance was at epoch 6 with a mean squared error of 0.0432. The total area under the curve and accuracy of the training, validation and test cohorts were 0.915 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.887-0.943] and 90.72% (95%CI: 88.39-92.72%) (P < 0.05), respectively. LNM: Lymph node metastasis. Citation: Chen H, Zhou X, Tang X, Li S, Zhang G. Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in Superficial Esophageal Cancer Using a Pattern Recognition Neural Network. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12: 12249-12258. Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Dove Medical Press[39].