Robotic natural orifice specimen extraction surgery I-type F method vs conventional robotic resection for lower rectal cancer

Figure 1 Surgical incisions. A: Robotic resection using the natural orifice specimen extraction surgery I-type F method I-F surgical incisions; B: Robotic-assisted low rectal cancer resection surgical incisions. C: Camera port; R1: Robotic operating port; R2: Robotic operating port; R3: Robotic operating port; A: Auxiliary port.

Figure 2 Robotic resection using the natural orifice specimen extraction surgery I-type F specimen resection and digestive tract reconstruction. A: About 10 cm from the upper edge of the tumor, the oval forceps were fixed to the bowel lumen; B: Turn the pre-excised bowel out of the anus; C: The bowel was incised at the oval clamp fixation; D: The anvil was placed into the bowel lumen; E: The rectum was cut off at the lower edge of the tumor with a cutting closure; F: The circular stapling was placed into the rectum to complete the sigmoid-rectal end-to-end anastomosis.