Long-term efficacy and safety of cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy with long injection needle for internal hemorrhoids

Figure 1 Long needle and the cap used for the procedure. A: The cap; B: Long needle; C: The injection process.

Figure 2 Endoscopic images of the same patient after undergoing one cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy treatment. A: Conditions of internal hemorrhoids and rectal mucosa before surgery; B-D: Intra-operative injection; E and F: Post-operative period; G and H: Re-examination 1 year after treatment (second colonoscopy in 2017).

Figure 3 Improvement in anal bleeding after treatment (follow-up in 2020, n = 201). CAES: Cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy.

Figure 4 Improvement in anal bleeding before and after treatment (follow-up in 2021, n = 149). CAES: Cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy.

Figure 5 Patient pain levels during cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy treatment.

Figure 6 Patient satisfaction with cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy treatment.