Comparison of safety, efficacy, and long-term follow-up between “one-step” and “step-up” approaches for infected pancreatic necrosis

Figure 1 The research of patient’s recruitment and follow-up and flow chart. AP: Acute pancreatitis; RAP: Recurrence acute pancreatitis.

Figure 2 The changes of inflammatory indicators and vital signs in “One-step” approach during the perioperative period. A-E: The postoperative level of white blood cell (A, P = 0.003), neutrophil percentage (B, P = 0.019), C-reactive protein (C, P = 0.0002), procalcitonin (D, P < 0.001) and interleukin-6 (E, P = 0.00097) were significantly lower than preoperative; F-H: Meanwhile, the vital signs were also better than preoperative.

Figure 3 The changes of inflammatory indicators and vital signs in “Step-up” approach during the perioperative period. The postoperative level of white blood cell (A, P = 0.0012), neutrophil percentage (B, P = 0.0367), C-reactive protein (C, P = 0.0089), procalcitonin (D, P = 0.0004) and interleukin-6 (E, P = 0.00073) were significantly lower than preoperative; F-H: Meanwhile, the vital signs were also better than preoperative.

Figure 4 The comparison of overall survival between “One-step” approach and “Step-up” approach. A: The mean follow-up time was 69.17 ± 2.53 mo (95%CI: 64.02-74.16). There are 31 patients died, 24 patients lost to follow-up and 103 patients survived, respectively; B: There are 12 patients died in “One-step” approach. Among them, 8 patients died during the hospitalization and 4 patients died in follow-up period, respectively. In addition, there are 19 patients died in “Step-up” approach, among them, 12 patients died during the hospitalization and 7 patients died in follow-up period, respectively. The rate of overall survival between “One-step” and “Step-up” was 10% and 11.1%, respectively (P = 0.875).