Current surgical management of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Figure 1 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy view of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor. A: D1 gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) at the anti-mesenteric border; B: D2 GIST at the anti-mesenteric border with central mucosal ulceration; C: D3 GIST at the anti-mesenteric border with a few mucosal ulcerations; D: D4 GIST occupying most of the lumen of the duodenum with a recent bleed.

Figure 2 Computed tomography scan images of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor in axial and coronal view. A: A 4.58 cm × 4.32 cm heterogeneous enhancing mass located at the anti-mesenteric border of the second part of the duodenum; B: A 3.4 cm × 2.9 cm homogeneous enhancing lobulated soft tissue involving the third part of the duodenum showing both intra- and extraluminal component; C: An enhancing mixed density partly necrotic mass measuring 4.7 cm × 6.6 cm arising from the fourth part of the duodenum with a large exophytic component posteriorly.

Figure 3 Description of operative techniques and anatomical diagrams for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors.