Short term outcomes of minimally invasive selective lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for low rectal cancer

Figure 1 Magnetic resonance imaging rectum showing an enlarged, metastatic, left internal iliac node before (left, 11 mm) and after (right, 9 mm) neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

Figure 2 Metastatic lateral pelvic lymph node seen on magnetic resonance imaging rectum and positron emission tomography scan.

Figure 3 Branches of the internal iliac artery during lateral pelvic lymph node dissection.

Figure 4 After completion of lateral pelvic lymph node dissection with clearance of external iliac, internal iliac and obturator compartments.

Figure 5 Preservation of ureterohypogastric fascia after lateral pelvic lymph node dissection.

Figure 6 En bloc lymphofatty tissue from lateral pelvic lymph node dissection.

Figure 7 En bloc lymphofatty tissue and metastatic lateral pelvic lymph node.

Figure 8 Clipping of a lymphatic channel.