Evolution of transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: From top to bottom

Figure 1 Transanal endoscopic microsurgeryplatform.

Figure 2 Transanal minimally invasive surgery platform. Photo courtesy of Antonio Lacy, Hospital Clinic and AIS Channel.

Figure 3 Two-teams working simultaneously for transanal total mesorectal excision (“Cecil Approach”). Photo courtesy of Antonio Lacy, Hospital Clinic and AIS Channel.

Figure 4 Transanal access platform with trocar insertion in an inverted triangle shape. Photo courtesy of Antonio Lacy, Hospital Clinic and AIS Channel.

Figure 5 Transanal total mesorectal excision. A: Circumferential mucosal tattoo after pure-string placement; B: Bottom-up dissection; C: “Rendez-vouz” with the abdominal team. Photo courtesy of Antonio Lacy, Hospital Clinic and AIS Channel.